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Shloka 21

Adhyāya 36: Ghora-yuddha-varṇanam

A Clinical Description of the Intensified Engagement

सम्प्राक्रुष्टे रुदितस्त्रीकुमारे पराभूते पौरुषे धार्तराष्टरे । मया कृत्यमिति जानामि शल्य प्रयाहि तस्माद्‌ द्वधिघतामनीकम्‌,“शल्य! (द्रोणाचार्यके मारे जानेपर) जब सब ओर त्राहि-त्राहिकी पुकार हो रही है, स्त्रियाँ और बच्चे बिलख-बिलखकर रो रहे हैं तथा दुर्योधनका पुरुषार्थ दब गया है, ऐसे समयमें दुर्योधनको मेरी सहायताकी विशेष आवश्यकता है। मैं अपने इस कर्तव्यको अच्छी तरह समझता हूँ। इसलिये तुम शत्रुओंकी सेनाकी ओर चलो

samprākruṣṭe ruditastrīkumāre parābhūte pauruṣe dhārtarāṣṭre | mayā kṛtyam iti jānāmi śalya prayāhi tasmād dvidhighatāmanīkam ||

三阇耶说道:“当四方皆起求救哀号,当妇孺放声恸哭,当达尔塔拉施特拉之子(难敌,Duryodhana)的男儿决断被压碎之时——我已明了自己所当尽之责,哦,舍利耶(Śalya)。因此你当向敌军进发,击溃他们的前锋阵列。”

सम्प्राक्रुष्टेwhen there is loud crying/clamor
सम्प्राक्रुष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-आ-√कृश्/√क्रुश् (क्रोशति)
Formneuter, locative, singular, past passive participle (क्त)
रुदितweeping
रुदित:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Root√रुद् (रोदिति)
Formfeminine, nominative, plural, past passive participle (क्त)
स्त्रीwomen
स्त्री:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
कुमारेboys/children
कुमारे:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुमार
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
पराभूतेwhen (it) is overcome/defeated
पराभूते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपराभू (पर + आ + √भू)
Formneuter, locative, singular, past passive participle (क्त)
पौरुषेmanliness/valor
पौरुषे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपौरुष
Formneuter, locative, singular
धार्तराष्ट्रेin the son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
धार्तराष्ट्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधार्तराष्ट्र
Formmasculine, locative, singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद्
Forminstrumental, singular
कृत्यम्what is to be done / duty
कृत्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृत्य
Formneuter, accusative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
जानामिI know
जानामि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा (जानाति)
Formpresent indicative (लट्), 1st, singular, parasmaipada
शल्यO Śalya
शल्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
प्रयाहिgo forth
प्रयाहि:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√या (याति)
Formimperative (लोट्), 2nd, singular, parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore/from that reason
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
Formablative sense
द्वधिघताम्striking with double blows / very destructive
द्वधिघताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वधिघात
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
अनीकम्army/host
अनीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
Formneuter, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śalya
D
Dhārtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana)
W
women
C
children
E
enemy army (anīka)

Educational Q&A

In a moment of collective panic and moral collapse, the verse foregrounds kṛtya—recognizing one’s immediate duty—and acting decisively to stabilize one’s side. Ethically, it shows how duty in war is framed as timely action amid suffering, even when that action is violent.

After Droṇa’s fall (as indicated by the contextual gloss), the Kaurava camp is overwhelmed by cries and mourning; Duryodhana’s confidence is shaken. Sañjaya urges Śalya to move against the enemy formation and attack, implying an attempt to restore momentum and support the distressed Kaurava leadership.