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Shloka 5

कर्णार्जुनयुद्ध-प्रवृत्तिः

Renewal of the Karṇa–Arjuna Engagement at Day’s End

तान्‌ सम्मिमर्दिषून्‌ नागान्‌ पार्ष्ण्यड्गुष्ठाडकुशैर्भशम्‌ । चोदितान्‌ पार्षतो बाणैर्नाराचैर भ्यवीवृषत्‌

tān sammimardiṣūn nāgān pārṣṇyaṅguṣṭhāḍakuśair bhaśam | coditān pārṣato bāṇair nārācair abhyavīvṛṣat ||

三阇耶说道:当那些雄壮的战象被猛烈挤压、驱迫前进——以脚跟、脚趾与驭象钩严厉催逼——普利沙塔之子德利什塔丢摩那近距离倾洒箭雨,尤以铁头“那罗迦”箭为甚,在战斗的狂烈之中遏止了它们的冲锋。

तान्those (them)
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सम्मिमर्दिषून्crushing, trampling
सम्मिमर्दिषून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + मृद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, Present active participle (शतृ/शानच् class; here -इषु- formation as in epic usage)
नागान्elephants
नागान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पार्ष्णि-अङ्गुष्ठ-अङ्कुशैःwith heels, thumbs, and goads
पार्ष्णि-अङ्गुष्ठ-अङ्कुशैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्ष्णि + अङ्गुष्ठ + अङ्कुश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भृशम्violently, exceedingly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
चोदितान्urged on, driven
चोदितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचुद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural, Past passive participle (क्त)
पार्षतःthe son of Pṛṣatī (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
पार्षतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बाणैःwith arrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नाराचैःwith iron arrows (nārācas)
नाराचैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाराच
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अभ्यवीवृषत्showered upon, rained (arrows) at
अभ्यवीवृषत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + वृष्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Pārṣata, son of Pṛṣata)
E
elephants (nāga)
E
elephant-goad (aṅkuśa/aḍakuśa)
A
arrows (bāṇa)
N
nārāca missiles

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the kṣatriya ethic of meeting force with disciplined counter-force: when destructive power (war-elephants driven with hooks) threatens to overwhelm, a responsible warrior responds with focused, effective resistance to protect his side and restore balance on the battlefield.

In the Karṇa Parva battle scene, elephants are being aggressively driven forward by their riders using heel, toe, and goad. Dhṛṣṭadyumna counters this charge by raining arrows—especially nārācas—upon the elephants to halt or break their advance.