Shloka 13
भीष्मस्य मध्याह्नयुद्धवर्णनम् / Mid-day Battle Description: Bhīṣma Engaged by the Pāñcālas
Devanagari script
एवमुक्तस्तु पार्थेन केशव: परवीरहा । चोदयामास तानश्वान् पाण्डुरान् वातरंहस:
Transliteration
evam uktas tu pārthena keśavaḥ paravīrahā | codayāmāsa tān aśvān pāṇḍurān vātaraṁhasaḥ ||
Translation
三阇耶说：被帕尔塔（阿周那）如此催促后，凯沙瓦——诛灭敌方勇士者——驱策那几匹淡白之马，疾如风，向前驰进。
Word by Word
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
उक्तःhaving been spoken to / addressed
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पार्थेनby Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
केशवःKeshava (Krishna)
केशवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकेशव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परवीरहाslayer of enemy-heroes
परवीरहा:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरवीरहन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चोदयामासurged / drove on
चोदयामास:
TypeVerb
Rootचुद्
FormPerfect (लिट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada, Active
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अश्वान्horses
अश्वान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पाण्डुरान्pale-white
पाण्डुरान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपाण्डुर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वातरंहसःswift as the wind
वातरंहसः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवातरंहस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)प
पार्थ (Pārtha/Arjuna)क
केशव (Keśava/Kṛṣṇa)श
श्वेत/पाण्डुर अश्व (white horses)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights timely, decisive action in the face of duty: once the warrior’s intent is expressed, the guide (Kṛṣṇa) responds by advancing—suggesting that dharma in crisis often requires prompt execution rather than hesitation.
Sañjaya narrates that after Arjuna addresses Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa drives the chariot forward by urging the wind-swift white horses, moving them into the next tactical position on the battlefield.