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Shloka 82

Droṇa–Arjuna Yuddha; Trigarta-Āvaraṇa; Bhīmasena Gajānīka-bheda

Droṇa and Arjuna Engage; Trigarta Containment; Bhīma Breaks the Elephant Corps

ततो दुर्योधनो राजा त्वरमाणो महारथ: । सेनामचोदयत्‌ क्षिप्रं रथनागाश्व॒संकुलाम्‌,तब महारथी राजा दुर्योधनने बड़ी उतावलीके साथ रथ, हाथी और घोड़ोंसे भरी हुई अपनी सेनाको शीतघ्र ही युद्धके लिये प्रेरित किया

tato duryodhano rājā tvaramāṇo mahārathaḥ | senām acodayat kṣipraṁ ratha-nāgāśva-saṅkulām ||

于是,杜尤陀那王——伟大的车战勇士——在急切催逼之下,迅速驱使自己的军队前进;那军阵中战车、战象与战马拥挤成群,直赴战场。

ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
FormAvyaya (ablatival adverb: 'from that/then')
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वरमाणःhastening
त्वरमाणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वरमाण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular (present active participle from √त्वर्)
महारथःgreat chariot-warrior
महारथः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहारथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सेनाम्army
सेनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसेना
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अचोदयत्urged/impelled
अचोदयत्:
TypeVerb
Root√चुद्
FormAorist (luṅ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
क्षिप्रम्quickly
क्षिप्रम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्षिप्र
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative)
रथनागाश्वसंकुलाम्crowded with chariots, elephants, and horses
रथनागाश्वसंकुलाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरथ-नाग-अश्व-संकुल
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular (agreeing with सेनाम्)

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Duryodhana
A
army (sena)
C
chariots (ratha)
E
elephants (nāga)
H
horses (aśva)

Educational Q&A

A leader’s inner state—here, haste and agitation—can rapidly shape collective action. The verse implicitly warns that when urgency is driven by pride or fear, it accelerates violence and narrows ethical reflection, even while appearing as decisive kingship.

Sanjaya reports that Duryodhana, eager to engage, quickly orders his forces—packed with chariots, elephants, and cavalry—to advance toward battle.