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Shloka 21

अध्याय ८८ — घटोत्कच-दुर्योधनयुद्धवर्णनम्

Ghaṭotkaca–Duryodhana Engagement

त्वया च नैनां सफलां करोषि देवव्रतं यन्न निहंसि युद्धे । मिथ्याप्रतिज्ञो भव मात्र वीर रक्ष स्वधर्म स्वकुलं यशश्नल

tvayā ca naināṁ saphalāṁ karoṣi devavrataṁ yan na nihansi yuddhe | mithyā-pratijño bhava mātra vīra rakṣa svadharma svakulaṁ yaśaś ca ||

“然而你并未使誓愿结果,因为你在战斗中并未击杀提婆弗罗多(毗湿摩)。勇士啊,莫让你的誓言成虚;当守护你自身的达摩、你的宗族与荣誉。”

त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एनाम्this (promise/vow) / her (contextual)
एनाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम् (एतद्)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
सफलाम्successful, fulfilled
सफलाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसफल
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
करोषिyou make / you render
करोषि:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
देवव्रतम्Devavrata (Bhishma)
देवव्रतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (proper name/epithet)
Rootदेवव्रत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यत्because/that (fact) which
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun (relative)
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निहंसिyou slay, you kill
निहंसि:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-हन्
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
युद्धेin battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
मिथ्याfalsely
मिथ्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथ्या
प्रतिज्ञःone who has vowed / one of a vow
प्रतिज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रतिज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवbecome / be
भव:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
माdo not
मा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
अत्रhere / in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun (vocative)
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
रक्षprotect
रक्ष:
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
स्वधर्मम्one's own duty
स्वधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
स्वकुलम्one's own lineage/family
स्वकुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकुल
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यशःfame, glory
यशः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयशस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनलO Fire-like one (epithet)
अनल:
TypeNoun (vocative/epithet)
Rootअनल
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Devavrata (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

A vow made before elders and in public carries moral weight; failing to act in accordance with one’s declared commitment risks becoming 'mithyā-pratijña' (false-promised). The verse links personal integrity with kṣatriya-dharma, urging the warrior to uphold duty, protect lineage, and preserve honor.

Sañjaya rebukes a warrior who had earlier vowed to kill Bhīṣma (Devavrata) in battle. Seeing that Bhīṣma is not being slain, he presses the warrior to fulfill the pledge and not let the promise become empty, framing the issue as one of dharma, family standing, and fame.