Shloka 33

Irāvān-nidhana-anantaraṃ Ghaṭotkaca-nādaḥ

After Irāvān’s fall: Ghaṭotkaca’s roar and the clash with Duryodhana

Devanagari script

चेकितानं तथाभूतं दृष्टवा समरदुर्मद: । रथमारोपयच्चैनं सर्वसैन्यस्य पश्यत:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

cekitānaṃ tathābhūtaṃ dṛṣṭvā samaradurmadāḥ |

ratham āropayac cainaṃ sarvasainyasya paśyataḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：迦罗迦尔沙见切吉多那如此倒卧，战意如狂，便当着全军之面将他扶起，置于自己的战车之上。

Word by Word

• चेकितानम्: Cekitāna (as object)
• चेकितानम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेकितान
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• तथा: thus, in that manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• अभूतम्: become (in such a state)
• अभूतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भूत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)

• समर-दुर्मदः: fierce/maddened in battle
• समर-दुर्मदः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समर-दुर्मद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• रथम्: chariot
• रथम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आरोपयत्: mounted (made him mount), placed upon
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-रुह्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• एनम्: him
• एनम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सर्व-सैन्यस्य: of the entire army
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व-सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Singular

• पश्यतः: while (it was) looking; in the presence of (as it watched)
• पश्यतः: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: पश्यत्
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), Neuter, Genitive, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Cekitāna
• ratha (chariot)
• sarva-sainya (the whole army)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even amid righteous warfare, dharma includes loyalty and care for one’s comrades; rescuing a fallen ally is presented as an honorable act that tempers violence with responsibility.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Cekitāna has fallen into a weakened state; a battle-frenzied warrior sees him and, before the watching armies, lifts him onto a chariot—an act of retrieval and protection in the midst of combat.