Shloka 57

Adhyāya 86: Irāvān’s Lineage, Cavalry Clash, and the Māyā-Duel Ending in Irāvān’s Fall

Devanagari script

अभिदुद्रुवतुर्हष्टी तव सैन्यं विशाम्पते । यथा दैत्यचमूं राजन्निन्द्रोपेन्द्राविवामरी

Transliteration

abhidudruvatur harṣṭī tava sainyaṃ viśāmpate | yathā daityacamūṃ rājann indropendrāv ivāmarī ||

Translation

桑阇耶说：人民之主啊，那俱罗与娑诃提婆满怀欢腾，径直冲向你的军阵。正如因陀罗与优波因陀罗驱逐代底耶之军一般，这两位英雄也将你的兵众逼得节节后退。

Word by Word

• अभि: towards, against
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अभि

• दुद्रुवतुः: they two ran / rushed
• Type: Verb
• Root: द्रु
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Dual, Parasmaipada

• हृष्टौ: delighted, exhilarated (the two)
• हृष्टौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हृष्ट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• तव: your
• तव: Sambandha
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Genitive, Singular

• सैन्यम्: army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• विशाम्: of the people / clans
• विशाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: विश्
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Plural

• पते: O lord
• पते: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पति
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यथा: as, just as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• दैत्य: of the Daityas (demons)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैत्य

• चमूम्: army, host
• चमूम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमू
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Sambodhana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• इन्द्र: Indra
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्र

• उपेन्द्रौ: Indra and Upendra (Vishnu) (the two)
• उपेन्द्रौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपेन्द्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• इव: like, as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• अमरी: the immortal host / the army of the gods
• अमरी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमरी
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Nakula
• Sahadeva
• Indra
• Upendra (Viṣṇu)
• Daityas
• Kaurava army (tava sainyam)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how martial excellence and morale can appear 'godlike' through epic simile: human warriors, acting within kṣatriya-dharma, may be portrayed as instruments of a larger cosmic order, even amid the ethically fraught violence of battle.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that Nakula and Sahadeva, filled with exhilaration, rush upon and drive back the king’s army, compared to Indra and Upendra scattering the Daityas’ forces.