Shloka 30

Adhyāya 108 — Nimitta-darśana and Drona’s counsel amid Arjuna’s advance (निमित्तदर्शनं द्रोणोपदेशश्च)

Devanagari script

महौघवेगं समरे वारयामास पाण्डव: । मद्रराजं च समरे धर्मराजो महारथ:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

mahaughavegaṃ samare vārayāmāsa pāṇḍavaḥ |

madra-rājaṃ ca samare dharma-rājo mahā-rathaḥ ||

Translation

三阇耶说道：在鏖战之中，那位般度之子——法王优提施提罗，大车战勇士——遏止了冲锋之势，如同遏止洪涛巨浪；同一场交锋里，他也将摩陀罗王拦住。

Word by Word

• महौघवेगम्: having the speed of a great flood
• महौघवेगम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महौघवेग
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• वारयामास: checked/held back
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (वारयति)
• Form: Perfect (Periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• पाण्डवः: the Pandava (Yudhishthira)
• पाण्डवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• मद्रराजम्: the king of Madra (Shalya)
• मद्रराजम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रराज
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• धर्मराजः: Dharma-king (Yudhishthira)
• धर्मराजः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्मराज
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महारथः: the great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira / Dharma-rāja)
• Madra-rāja (Śalya)
• battlefield (samara)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even a ruler famed for dharma must, when duty demands, act decisively in war: restraint here is not passivity but the disciplined power to check destructive force and protect one’s side.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Yudhiṣṭhira, the Dharma-rāja, confronts the Madra king Śalya and halts the torrent-like advance of Śalya and his forces on the battlefield.