Shloka 53
Kṛṣṇasya Dvārakā-praveśaḥ — Krishna’s Return to Dvārakā and the Raivataka Festival
Devanagari script
ते धूमरक्तनयना वल्नलितेजोडभितापिता: । आजममुनिश्चियं ज्ञातुं भार्गवस्य महात्मन:
Transliteration
te dhūma-rakta-nayanā vahni-līḍhābhitāpitāḥ | ājagmur muni-niścayaṃ jñātuṃ bhārgavasya mahātmanaḥ ||
Translation
那伽众因烟熏而双目赤红，身躯又为火舌灼烫；他们聚集一处，趋近伟大的婆尔伽婆仙人，欲知他已立下何等决断。
Word by Word
तेthey (those)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
धूम-रक्त-नयनाःhaving smoke-reddened eyes
धूम-रक्त-नयनाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधूम + रक्त + नयन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वह्नि-लित-तेजःthe fire's heat/energy (blazing heat)
वह्नि-लित-तेजः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवह्नि + लित + तेजस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उद्भि-तापिताःscorched / heated up
उद्भि-तापिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद् + √तप् (तापित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आगमम्approach/coming (arrival)
आगमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआगम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निश्चयम्decision/resolve
निश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञातुम्to know
ज्ञातुम्:
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा
FormInfinitive
भार्गवस्यof Bhārgava (descendant of Bhṛgu)
भार्गवस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभार्गव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महात्मनःof the great-souled one
महात्मनः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहात्मन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
Speaker
अश्व उवाच
Characters & Entities
A
Aśva (the Horse, speaker)N
Nāgāḥ (serpents)B
Bhārgava (the great sage; identified in context as Uttanka)V
Vahni (fire)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Distress and danger prompt a search for wise, settled judgment (niścaya) rather than impulsive reaction; the verse highlights the ethical importance of discerning a righteous course when passions and suffering run high.
The Nāgas, afflicted by smoke and fire, gather and go to the great Bhārgava sage to find out what decision he has made—indicating a turning point where his intention will shape what happens to them next.