Shloka 10

मरुत्तोपाख्यान-प्रस्तावः — Genealogy to Marutta and the Logistics of Royal Sacrifice

Devanagari script

स पितुर्विक्रियां दृष्टवा राज्यान्निरसनं च तत्‌ । नियतो वर्तयामास प्रजाहितचिकीर्षया

Transliteration

sa pitur vikriyāṃ dṛṣṭvā rājyān nirasanaṃ ca tat | niyato vartayāmāsa prajāhitacikīrṣayā ||

Translation

毗耶娑说道：“苏瓦尔恰斯见父王境遇变迁、又被逐出国土，便自加约束，严守节制；为求百姓安乐，他开始以端正典范之行对待众人。”

Word by Word

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पितुः: of (his) father
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• विक्रियां: change/condition (state of affairs)
• विक्रियां: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्रिया
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• राज्यात्: from the kingdom
• राज्यात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राज्य
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• निरसनम्: expulsion/banishment
• निरसनम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: निरसन
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• तत्: that (event/thing)
• तत्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• नियतः: self-restrained, disciplined
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नियत
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• वर्तयामास: conducted himself / behaved
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत्
• Form: Perfect (periphrastic), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• प्रजा-हित-चिकीर्षया: with the desire to do the welfare of the subjects
• प्रजा-हित-चिकीर्षया: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रजाहितचिकीर्षा
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• व्यास (Vyāsa)
• पिता (the father, unnamed here)
• प्रजा (the subjects/people)
• राज्य (the kingdom)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Personal adversity—especially a parent’s downfall and loss of power—should lead to greater self-restraint and a stronger commitment to the welfare of the people; ethical conduct is measured by disciplined behavior and public-spirited intention (prajā-hita).

What is happening in the narrative?

Vyāsa narrates that, after witnessing his father’s changed condition and the father’s expulsion from the kingdom, the son adopts a regulated, careful mode of life and begins behaving excellently toward everyone, motivated by the desire to benefit the subjects.