Shloka 3

Sāttvika-vṛtta-kathana (Brahmā on the Conduct of Sattva) — Chapter 38

Devanagari script

क्षमा धृतिरहिंसा च समता सत्यमार्जवम्‌ | अक्रोधश्वानसूया च शौचं दाक्ष्यं पराक्रम:

Transliteration

kṣamā dhṛtir ahiṃsā ca samatā satyam ārjavam | akrodhaś cān asūyā ca śaucaṃ dākṣyaṃ parākramaḥ ||

Translation

风神伐由（Vāyu）说道：“忍辱、坚忍、不害（ahimsa）、平等心、真实与直率；无嗔、无苛责他人之过、清净、善巧与勇武——这些便是萨埵之德（sattva-guṇa）的典型显现。”

Word by Word

• क्षमा: forbearance, forgiveness
• क्षमा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षमा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• धृतिः: steadfastness, fortitude
• धृतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृति
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• अहिंसा: non-violence
• अहिंसा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अहिंसा
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• समता: equanimity, equality
• समता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: समता
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सत्यम्: truth
• सत्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सत्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आर्जवम्: straightforwardness, sincerity
• आर्जवम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आर्जव
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अक्रोधः: absence of anger
• अक्रोधः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अक्रोध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• अनसूया: non-envy, not fault-finding
• अनसूया: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनसूया
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• शौचम्: purity, cleanliness
• शौचम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शौच
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दाक्ष्यम्: skill, dexterity
• दाक्ष्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दाक्ष्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• पराक्रमः: valor, prowess
• पराक्रमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पराक्रम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vāyu-deva

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse lists the hallmark virtues that arise from sattva—clarity and harmony of mind—such as forgiveness, steadiness, non-violence, truth, straightforwardness, freedom from anger, non-carping, purity, competence, and valor.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vāyu-deva is instructing by defining ethical qualities, specifically identifying which traits are to be recognized as the ‘functions’ or manifestations of the sattva-guṇa.