Shloka 18
तमोगुण-निरूपण
Analysis of Tamas and its Marks
Devanagari script
अत्यागश्चाभिमानश्चव मोहो मन्युस्तथाक्षमा । मत्सरश्रैव भूतेषु तामसं वृत्तमिष्यते
Transliteration
atyāgaś cābhimānaś ca moho manyus tathākṣamā | matsaraś caiva bhūteṣu tāmasaṁ vṛttam iṣyate ||
Translation
风神婆由说道：“吝啬（拒绝施与）、傲慢、迷妄、嗔怒、不堪忍受，以及对众生的嫉妒——如此行径被视为昏暗性（tāmasa），出自黑暗与惰滞。”
Word by Word
अत्यागःnon-giving; refusal to give
अत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्याग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अभिमानःpride; self-conceit
अभिमानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभिमान (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
मोहम्delusion
मोहम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमोह (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मन्युःanger; wrath
मन्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्यु (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अक्षमाintolerance; unforbearance
अक्षमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअक्षमा (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मत्सरःenvy; malice
मत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भूतेषुtowards beings; among creatures
भूतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
तामसम्tamasic; of darkness/ignorance
तामसम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वृत्तम्conduct; behavior
वृत्तम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इष्यतेis considered; is held to be
इष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Active (Atmanepada usage)
Speaker
वायुदेव उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
Vāyu-devaB
bhūta (living beings)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse defines tāmasa conduct by listing inner vices—miserliness, pride, delusion, anger, intolerance, and envy—implying that ethical life requires generosity, humility, clarity, patience, forbearance, and goodwill toward all beings.
Vāyu-deva is instructing the listener by classifying certain traits as tāmasa, using a concise catalogue of behaviors that obstruct dharma and harmonious social and spiritual life.