Shloka 13

Mokṣa-dharma Yoga-Upadeśa: Equanimity, Sense-Restraint, and Vision of the Ātman (आत्मदर्शन-योगोपदेशः)

Devanagari script

सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तो निर्द्धन्द्रो निष्परिग्रह: । तपसा इन्द्रियग्रामं यश्नरेन्मुक्त एव सः

Transliteration

sarvasaṃskāranirmukto nirdvandvo niṣparigrahaḥ | tapasendriyagrāmaṃ yaśnarenmukta eva saḥ ||

Translation

婆罗门说道：若人脱离一切行（saṃskāra）与习气，不为对待二相所缚，亦无占有之心；又以苦行制御诸根之群，行住坐卧皆无所著——此人当知已是解脱者。

Word by Word

• सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तः: freed from all saṃskāras/conditioning
• सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्वसंस्कारनिर्मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निर्द्वन्द्वः: free from pairs of opposites
• निर्द्वन्द्वः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निर्द्वन्द्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• निष्परिग्रहः: without possessions/without grasping
• निष्परिग्रहः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निष्परिग्रह
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तपसा: by austerity
• तपसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तपस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• इन्द्रियग्रामम्: the collection of senses
• इन्द्रियग्रामम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इन्द्रियग्राम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• यश्नरेत्: should restrain/control
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम्
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मुक्तः: liberated
• मुक्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मुक्त
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• सः: he
• सः: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

ब्राह्मण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• brāhmaṇa (speaker)
• indriyagrāma (the senses)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Liberation is characterized not by external status but by inner freedom: release from conditioning (saṃskāra), equanimity beyond dualities (nirdvandva), non-possessiveness (niṣparigraha), and disciplined mastery of the senses through tapas, enabling unattached conduct in the world.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Ashvamedhika Parva, a brāhmaṇa voice presents a didactic teaching on the marks of a liberated person, defining mokṣa-oriented life through renunciation, sense-restraint, and equanimity rather than ritual or social identity.