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Shloka 11

धृतराष्ट्रस्य क्षमायाचनं तथा युधिष्ठिरे न्यासदानम् / Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Request for Forgiveness and the Entrustment to Yudhiṣṭhira

Devanagari script

तासां नादो रुदतीनां तदासीदू राजन्‌ दुःखात्‌ कुररीणामिवोच्चै: । ततो निष्पेतुर्रह्यिणक्षत्रियाणां विट्शूद्राणां चैव भार्या: समान्तात्‌

Transliteration

tāsāṃ nādo rudatīnāṃ tadāsīdū rājann duḥkhāt kurarīṇām ivoccaiḥ | tato niṣpetur gṛhiṇāṃ kṣatriyāṇāṃ viṭśūdrāṇāṃ caiva bhāryāḥ samāntāt ||

Translation

毗湿摩波耶那说：“大王啊，那时那些妇人的哭声高高扬起——如库拉丽鸟尖厉的哀鸣——皆由悲痛而生。随后，四面八方，居家之人的妻子们——无论刹帝利、吠舍还是首陀罗——都从家中奔涌而出。”

Word by Word
तासाम्of those (women)
तासाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्री, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
नादःsound, cry
नादः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन
रुदतीनाम्of (the) weeping (women)
रुदतीनाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeAdjective
Rootरुदत् (शतृ-कृदन्त, √रुद्)
Formस्त्री, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुं, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथम, एकवचन
उindeed, emphatic particle
उ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउ (निपात)
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, सम्बोधन, एकवचन
दुःखात्from sorrow, due to grief
दुःखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुं, पञ्चमी, एकवचन
कुररीणाम्of ospreys/curlews (kurarī birds)
कुररीणाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootकुररी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्री, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
इवlike, as if
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
उच्चैःloudly, on high
उच्चैः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउच्चैः
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
निष्पेतुःthey rushed out, sprang forth
निष्पेतुः:
TypeVerb
Root√पत् (नि: + √पत्)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत), प्रथम, बहुवचन
गृह्यिणःhousewives, women of the households
गृह्यिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगृह्यिन्/गृहिणी (प्रातिपदिक; here feminine plural)
Formस्त्री, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
क्षत्रियाणाम्of kshatriyas
क्षत्रियाणाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
विट्of vaishyas (vit)
विट्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootविट् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, षष्ठी (समास/समुच्चय-प्रयोगे अव्यक्त), बहुवचन (अर्थतः)
शूद्राणाम्of shudras
शूद्राणाम्:
सम्बन्ध
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
भार्याःwives
भार्याः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभार्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्री, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
समन्तात्from all sides, all around
समन्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities
V
Vaiśampāyana
R
rājan (the king addressed, i.e., Janamejaya in frame narrative)
W
women (striyaḥ)
K
kurarī birds
H
householders (gṛhiṇaḥ)
K
Kṣatriyas
V
Vaiśyas
Ś
Śūdras
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how grief becomes communal and indiscriminate across social divisions: suffering is shared, and human response to tragedy draws all households into collective witness and empathy.

A loud, bird-like wail rises from grieving women; hearing the uproar, wives from many households and varṇas rush out from all directions, showing the spread of distress through the community.

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