Shloka 17

अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता

Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality

Devanagari script

एतानिमान्‌ विजानीयादपांक्तेयान्‌ द्विजाधमान्‌ । शूद्राणामुपदेशं च ये कुर्वन्त्यल्पचेतस:

Transliteration

etān imān vijānīyād apāṅkteyān dvijādhamān | śūdrāṇām upadeśaṁ ca ye kurvanty alpacetasaḥ ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“这些人应当被认定为不配坐入神圣共食之列者——二次生者中之卑劣之辈。凡愚昧浅识而向首陀罗传授吠陀者，亦当视为阿旁克提耶（apāṅkteya），即被逐出共同行仪之列。”

Word by Word

• एतान्: these (persons)
• एतान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• इमान्: these (very ones)
• इमान्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• विजानीयात्: should know/recognize
• विजानीयात्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + ज्ञा
• Form: Optative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अपाङ्क्तेयान्: to be excluded from the dining row (outcaste for the line)
• अपाङ्क्तेयान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपाङ्क्तेय
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• द्विजाधमान्: the lowest among the twice-born
• द्विजाधमान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजाधम
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• शूद्राणाम्: of/for Śūdras
• शूद्राणाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• उपदेशम्: instruction/teaching
• उपदेशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपदेश
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• ये: who (those who)
• ये: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कुर्वन्ति: do/perform
• कुर्वन्ति: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• अल्पचेतसः: of little understanding, foolish
• अल्पचेतसः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अल्पचेतस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• dvija (twice-born)
• Shudra
• Veda (implied by upadeśa in context)