Shloka 3
Śrāddha-dvija-parīkṣā: Paṅkti-dūṣa and Paṅkti-pāvana (श्राद्धे द्विजपरीक्षा—पङ्क्तिदूष-पङ्क्तिपावन)
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच शृणुष्वावहितो राजन् श्राद्धकर्मविधिं शुभम् धन्यं यशस्यं पुत्रीयं पितृयज्ञं परंतप
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“噢，能令仇敌受挫的国王啊，且专心聆听这吉祥的 śrāddha（祭祖）之法。它能赐予财富、名声与子嗣；因此称为 Pitṛyajña——奉献于祖灵之祭。”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
शृणुष्वlisten
शृणुष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
आवहितःattentive, focused
आवहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootआवहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
श्राद्धकर्मविधिम्the procedure of the śrāddha-rite
श्राद्धकर्मविधिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्धकर्मविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शुभम्auspicious
शुभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धन्यम्bringing prosperity/merit
धन्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधन्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यशस्यम्bringing fame
यशस्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रीयम्bestowing sons/offspring
पुत्रीयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुत्रीय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पितृयज्ञम्the ancestral sacrifice (pitṛ-yajña)
पितृयज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परंतपO scorcher of foes
परंतप:
TypeNoun
Rootपरंतप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes