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Shloka 14

दैव–पुरुषकार-प्रश्नः

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Inquiry: Fate and Human Effort

ज्योतींषि त्रिदशा नागा यक्षाश्षन्द्रार्कमारुता: । सर्व पुरुषकारेण मानुष्याद्‌ देवतां गता:,नक्षत्र, देवता, नाग, यक्ष, चन्द्रमा, सूर्य और वायु आदि सभी पुरुषार्थ करके ही मनुष्यलोकसे देवलोकको गये हैं

jyotīṁṣi tridaśā nāgā yakṣāś candrārka-mārutāḥ | sarva-puruṣakāreṇa mānuṣyād devatāṁ gatāḥ ||

毗湿摩说道:“诸天体光辉、诸神、那伽、夜叉,以及月、日与风——这一切之所以得成神位,唯赖自身的奋发精进。他们竭尽所能而行,由人之境界上升至天神之境。”

ज्योतींषिluminaries (lights)
ज्योतींषि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्योतिस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
त्रिदशाःthe thirty gods (devas)
त्रिदशाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नागाःNāgas (serpent-beings)
नागाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यक्षाःYakṣas
यक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चन्द्रthe Moon
चन्द्र:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्कthe Sun
अर्क:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मारुताःthe winds (Maruts)
मारुताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमारुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरुषकारेणby personal effort
पुरुषकारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषकार
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
मानुष्याद्from the human (state/world)
मानुष्याद्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमानुष्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
देवताम्to divinity / godhood
देवताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदेवता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गताःhave gone / attained
गताः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
J
Jyotiṃṣi (luminaries)
T
Tridaśa (Devas)
N
Nāgas
Y
Yakṣas
C
Candra (Moon)
A
Arka (Sun)
M
Māruta/Vāyu (Wind)

Educational Q&A

The verse emphasizes puruṣakāra—personal effort—as a decisive cause of upliftment: even beings regarded as celestial attained their exalted status through sustained exertion and merit, implying that human beings too can rise through disciplined action aligned with dharma.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction within the Anuśāsana Parva, he cites well-known classes of celestial beings (luminaries, Devas, Nāgas, Yakṣas, and cosmic deities like Moon, Sun, and Wind) as examples to teach that greatness and higher states are achieved through effort rather than mere birth or chance.