Shloka 20

नदीशैवलदिग्धाडुं हरिश्मश्रुजटाधरम्‌ । लग्नै: शड्खनखेैगत्रि क्रोडैश्वित्रिरिवार्पितम्‌

nadī-śaivala-digdhāṅgaṃ hari-śmaśru-jaṭā-dharam | lagnaiḥ śaṅkha-nakhair gātre kroḍa-citrair ivārpitam ||

毗湿摩说道:“他全身涂满河中藻泥的黏滑;髭须、胡须与纠结的发髻(jaṭā)尽皆泛绿。四肢又被螺贝等水族抓划出痕,显出斑驳纹理,宛如野猪奇异的鬃毛一般。”

नदीof the river
नदी:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनदी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
शैवलwith algae/moss
शैवल:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशैवल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
दिग्धsmeared, plastered
दिग्ध:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदिग्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आडुम्a boar (wild boar)
आडुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआडु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हरिgreen
हरि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहरि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्मश्रुbeard/moustache
श्मश्रु:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्मश्रु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
जटाmatted locks
जटा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootजटा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
धरम्bearing, having
धरम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
लग्नैःby things stuck/attached
लग्नैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootलग्न
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
शङ्खconch(-shell creatures)/conches
शङ्ख:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्ख
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नखैःby claws/nails
नखैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनख
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
गात्रिon the body/limb
गात्रि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगात्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
क्रोडैःby boars
क्रोडैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोड
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
चित्रिvariegated, patterned
चित्रि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचित्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अर्पितम्placed, set, applied
अर्पितम्:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्प्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (speaker)
R
river (nadī)
A
algae/aquatic moss (śaivala)
C
conch/shell (śaṅkha)
A
aquatic creatures (implied by ‘nails/claws’)
B
boar (kroḍa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how sustained austerity and endurance leave tangible marks on the body; it implicitly values steadfastness (tapas) and self-discipline, presenting external hardship as a sign of inner resolve rather than mere suffering.

Bhishma is describing a figure whose body has been long in or near a river: algae has coated him, his facial hair and matted locks have turned green, and scratches or impressions from shells and aquatic creatures have patterned his limbs, making him look as if covered with boar-like mottled bristles.