Shloka 1
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत अनुशासनपर्वके अन्तर्गत दानधर्मपर्वमें विवाहधर्मके अन्तर्गत पैतृक धनका विभागनामक सैंतालीसवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ ॥/ ४७ ॥ अपना बछ। जि: - 'दार' शब्दकी व्युत्पत्ति इस प्रकार है--“आद्रियन्ते त्रिवर्गार्थिभि: इति दारा'। धर्म
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
arthāl lobhād vā kāmād vā varṇānāṃ cāpy aniścayāt |
ajñānād vāpi varṇānāṃ jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ ||
尤提士提罗说道：“祖父啊，不论是因财富的诱惑，因贪欲，因情欲，或因对种姓（瓦尔那）的不确定——乃至因对其无知——都会产生混杂的后裔（varṇasaṅkara，种姓杂生）。当一个高等种姓的女子为这些动机所驱使，与低等种姓的男子结合时，便生出混杂子嗣。请告诉我：由此种种姓混合而生的人，他们的法（dharma）为何？又规定他们应尽哪些职责、从事哪些职业？”
युधिषछ्िर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames varṇasaṅkara as arising from ethically charged motives (greed, desire) as well as from epistemic/social confusion (ignorance or uncertainty about varṇa). It sets up a dharma-inquiry: how society should assign duties and moral expectations to those born from irregular unions, emphasizing responsibility, social regulation, and the need for clear ethical guidance.
In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction setting, Yudhiṣṭhira questions the Grandsire (Bhīṣma) about the origin of mixed progeny and asks for a detailed account of their dharma and prescribed occupations—preparing the ground for Bhīṣma’s normative explanation in the subsequent verses.