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Shloka 12

Pātra-Lakṣaṇa and Niścita-Dharma

Marks of a Worthy Recipient and Stable Criteria of Dharma

भीष्म उवाच श्रुत्वा तु वचनं तस्या: स विप्र: प्राउजलि: स्थित: । अनुज्ञातस्तया चापि स्वगृहं पुनरात्रजत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca śrutvā tu vacanaṃ tasyāḥ sa vipraḥ prāñjaliḥ sthitaḥ | anujñātas tayā cāpi svagṛhaṃ punar ājagāma ||

毗湿摩说道:听罢她的话,那位婆罗门在她面前合掌恭立。随后,得其许可,他又回到了自己的家中——彰显了谦卑、自制与敬重正当权威的德行与戒律。

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Active (parasmaipada sense), Non-finite
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
वचनम्speech/words
वचनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवचन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विप्रःbrahmin
विप्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राञ्जलिःwith joined palms (in reverence)
प्राञ्जलिः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राञ्जलि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्थितःstood
स्थितः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुज्ञातःhaving been permitted
अनुज्ञातः:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-ज्ञा
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तयाby her
तया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and/also
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
स्वगृहम्one's own house
स्वगृहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वगृह
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain/back
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अगच्छत्went
अगच्छत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
A
a brahmin (vipra)
A
a woman (tasyāḥ)
T
the brahmin's home (svagṛha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharmic conduct expressed through humility (prāñjali), attentive listening, and acting only after receiving proper permission (anujñā). Respectful behavior toward a rightful speaker/authority is presented as an ethical norm.

After hearing the woman’s statement, the brahmin stands respectfully with folded hands before her. Once she grants him leave, he departs and returns to his own home.