Aṣṭāvakra’s Visit to Kubera: Hospitality, Temptation, and the Ethics of Restraint (अष्टावक्र-वैश्रवणोपाख्यानम्)
चिन्त्यद्योता ये च देवेषु मुख्या ये चाप्यन्ये देवताश्नाजमीढ । सुपर्णगन्धर्वपिशाचदानवा यक्षास्तथा चारणपन्नगाश्ष
cintyadyotā ye ca deveṣu mukhyā ye cāpyanye devatāś cājamiḍha | suparṇagandharvapiśācadānavā yakṣās tathā cāraṇapannagāś ca ||
风神伐由说道:“噢,阿阇弥陀(Ajamiḍha)啊,诸神之中居首的光耀者,以及其他诸天;又有苏帕尔那(Suparṇa,大鸟)、乾闼婆(Gandharva)、毗舍遮(Piśāca)、达那婆(Dānava)、夜叉(Yakṣa)、恰罗那(Cāraṇa)与蛇族诸众——当知这一切类群,皆从大天(Mahādeva,湿婆)而生。”
वायुदेव उवाच
The verse teaches a theological vision in which the many classes of divine and semi-divine beings—chief gods as well as Gandharvas, Yakṣas, Nāgas, and others—are to be understood as originating from Mahādeva, emphasizing a unifying source behind cosmic diversity.
Vāyudeva is speaking and addressing Ajamiḍha, listing various orders of beings and asserting their common origin in Mahādeva, as part of a broader discourse that elevates Śiva’s cosmic status.