Shloka 16
Chapter 2: Sudarśana Upākhyāna — Atithi-Dharma and the Conquest of Mṛtyu
Gṛhastha-Vrata
Devanagari script
सुदक्षिणो मधुरवागनसूयुर्जितिन्द्रिय: । धर्मात्मा चानृशंसश्न विक्रान्तो5<थाविकत्थन:
Transliteration
sudakṣiṇo madhuravāg anasūyur jitendriyaḥ | dharmātmā cānṛśaṁsaś ca vikrānto ’thāvikatthanaḥ ||
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“那位国王极其慷慨，言辞温雅，不苛求他人之过，不生嫉妒，能制御诸根，笃行达摩，慈悲而英勇；且从不自我夸耀。”
Word by Word
सुदक्षिणःvery generous (liberal in giving)
सुदक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदक्षिण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मधुरवाक्sweet-spoken
मधुरवाक्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमधुरवाक्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनसूयुःfree from envy/censoriousness
अनसूयुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनसूयु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जितेन्द्रियःhaving conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मात्माrighteous-souled person
धर्मात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
अनृशंसःcompassionate, not cruel
अनृशंसः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृशंस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विक्रान्तःvaliant, heroic
विक्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविक्रान्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अथand/then
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
अविकत्थनःnot boastful
अविकत्थनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअविकत्थन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaA
a king (unnamed in this verse)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse presents an ethical portrait of the ideal ruler: generosity and pleasant speech tempered by non-censoriousness, self-mastery, commitment to dharma, compassion, courage, and humility (absence of boasting).
Bhishma is describing the character of a king, listing his virtues as a model of righteous conduct and exemplary kingship within the Anushasana Parva’s broader instruction on dharma.