Shloka 2

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम्‌ । पवनस्य च संवादमर्जुनस्य च भारत

Transliteration

Bhīṣma uvāca: atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṁ purātanam | pavanasya ca saṁvādam arjunasya ca bhārata ||

Translation

毗湿摩说道：“在此事上亦然，噢，婆罗多后裔，智者常引一则古例——一段久远的旧史——即风神（Pavana）与阿周那之间的对话。”

Word by Word

• भीष्मः: Bhishma
• भीष्मः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीष्म
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• अत्र: here; in this matter
• अत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अत्र

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• उदाहरन्ति: they cite; they give as an example
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद्-आ-हृ
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• इमम्: this
• इमम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• इतिहासम्: ancient tale; historical account
• इतिहासम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: इतिहास
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पुरातनम्: ancient; old
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरातन
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पवनस्य: of the Wind (Vayu)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• संवादम्: dialogue; conversation
• संवादम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: संवाद
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अर्जुनस्य: of Arjuna
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्जुन
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• भारत: O Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Pavana (Vāyu, Wind-god)
• Arjuna
• Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira as addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Bhishma frames his instruction by appealing to itihāsa (authoritative ancient precedent): ethical guidance is strengthened by citing exemplary narratives and dialogues of revered figures.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma introduces an old story as an illustration, announcing that the coming example is a dialogue between the Wind-god (Pavana/Vāyu) and Arjuna, addressed to ‘O Bharata’ (Yudhiṣṭhira).