Shloka 1

Devanagari script

ऑपनआ का बा 2 एकपज्चाशर्दाधकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्राह्मणोंकी महिमाका वर्णन युधिषछ्िर उवाच के पूज्या: के नमस्कार्या: कथं वर्तेत केषु च । किमाचार: कीदृशेषु पितामह न रिष्यते

Transliteration

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—ke pūjyāḥ? ke namaskāryāḥ? kathaṁ varteta keṣu ca? kim-ācāraḥ kīdṛśeṣu, pitāmaha, na riṣyate?

Translation

由提施提罗说道：“祖父，在这世间，谁才真正值得敬奉？应向谁致礼？当如何自处，又当以何种方式对待何类之人？与何种人交往时，采取何种行止，才不致招致祸害或道德过失？”

Word by Word

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhiṣṭhira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular

• के: who (plural)
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पूज्याः: worthy of worship/honour
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पूज्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• के: who (plural)
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• नमस्कार्याः: worthy of salutation
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नमस्कार्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कथम्: how
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: कथम्

• वर्तेत: should behave / should conduct oneself
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत्
• Form: Optative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

• केषु: towards/in the case of whom
• केषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• किम्: what
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

• आचारः: conduct, practice
• आचारः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कीदृशेषु: among what kind of people
• कीदृशेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कीदृश
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural

• पितामह: O grandsire (Bhīṣma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• रिष्यते: is harmed / perishes / goes wrong
• Type: Verb
• Root: रिष्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

Speaker

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: how to recognize those worthy of honor and how to choose appropriate conduct toward different kinds of people so that one avoids harm—socially, ethically, and spiritually.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma (as ‘Grandfather’) and asks for guidance on whom to revere and salute and how to behave toward various people—introducing Bhīṣma’s ensuing instruction on the greatness and proper honoring of the virtuous (notably brāhmaṇas in this chapter’s theme).