Shloka 58
Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)
Devanagari script
स शूद्र: संशिततपा: सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रिय: । शुश्रूषुरतिथिं प्राप्त तप: संचिनुते महत्
Transliteration
sa śūdraḥ saṃśitatapāḥ satyavādī jitendriyaḥ | śuśrūṣur atithiṃ prāptaṃ tapaḥ saṃcinute mahat ||
Translation
摩诃提婆说道：“那首陀罗——苦行自律，奉真为志，制御诸根——若恭敬侍奉已至之宾，便能积聚广大之苦行功德（tapas）。对他而言，以服务呈现的法（dharma）本身即为严峻的苦行。”
Word by Word
सःhe/that (person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शूद्रःa Shudra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संशिततपाःone of sharpened/rigorous austerity
संशिततपाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशिततपस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सत्यवादीtruth-speaking
सत्यवादी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्यवादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जितेन्द्रियःhaving conquered the senses
जितेन्द्रियः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootजितेन्द्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शुश्रूषुःdesirous of serving; attentive to service
शुश्रूषुः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुश्रूषु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अतिथिम्a guest
अतिथिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्राप्तम्arrived; having come
प्राप्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-आप् (प्राप्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity; merit of penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
संचिनुतेaccumulates; gathers
संचिनुते:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-चि
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
महत्great
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच
Characters & Entities
Ś
Śrī-Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)Ś
ŚūdraA
Atithi (guest)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Ethical excellence is measured by conduct: truthfulness, self-mastery, and hospitality. Serving an unexpected guest is presented as a form of tapas, generating great spiritual merit.
Mahādeva is instructing about dharma, highlighting that a Śūdra who practices truth, restraint, and devoted service to an arriving guest attains great tapas through service itself.