Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 113
Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)
विषयभोगोंसे निवृत्त रहना, गोरसका आहार करना, शमके साधनमें प्रेम रखना, खुले मैदान चबूतरेपर सोना, योगका अभ्यास करना, साग-पातका सेवन करना, फल-मूल खाकर रहना, वायु, जल और सेवारका आहार करना--ये ऋषियोंके नियम हैं। इनका पालन करनेसे वे अजित--सर्वश्रेष्ठ गतिको प्राप्त करते हैं ।।
viṣayabhogebhyo nivṛttir, gorasāhāraḥ, śamasādhanaprema, vivṛte kṣetre caṭvare śayanaṃ, yogābhyāsaḥ, śākapatrasevanaṃ, phalamūlāśanaṃ, vāyu-jala-sevāra-āhāraś ca—ete ṛṣīṇāṃ niyamāḥ; etān anutiṣṭhanto ’jitāṃ (ajitāṃ) paramāṃ gatiṃ prāpnuvanti. vidhūme sannamusale vyaḍrāre bhuktavajjane | atītapātrasañcāre kāle vigatabhikṣuke ||
摩醯湿伐罗曰：“远离诸欲之乐；以乳与乳制品为食；爱乐内心寂静之修持（śama）；卧于旷野或高台；习修瑜伽；食青蔬与叶；以果与根为生；并且唯取风、水与因服侍而得之物——此皆诸仙（ṛṣi）之戒行。守此誓者，得至‘不败’之至上境界。”偈又描绘其清苦之境：于无烟之处进食，身旁仅有简陋杵臼；携带磨损之器而行；并在乞食已止之时——皆为严厉出离与有节之生活之征。
श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches disciplined renunciation: restraining the senses, adopting simple and pure sustenance, cultivating inner calm, and practicing yoga. Such regulated living is presented as a dharmic path leading to the ‘unconquered’ highest goal (paramā gati), i.e., liberation or the supreme spiritual state.
Śrī Mahēśvara is instructing about the niyamas (observances) followed by ṛṣis. He lists concrete practices—diet, sleeping arrangements, and yogic discipline—and then indicates that these austerities characterize a life of renunciation and lead to the highest attainment.