Shloka 2
Śāṇḍilī–Sumanā-saṃvāda: Sat-strī-samudācāra and Pati-dharma
Conduct of the Virtuous Wife
Devanagari script
भीष्म उवाच अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् । मैत्रेयस्य च संवाद कृष्णद्वैयायनस्थ च
Transliteration
bhīṣma uvāca | atrāpy udāharantīmam itihāsaṁ purātanam | maitreyaśya ca saṁvādaṁ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanasya ca ||
Translation
毗湿摩说道：“此处亦然，噢，大王，人们援引一则古老先例——一段以弥勒耶与黑天·岛生（克里希纳·德外帕亚那，即毗耶娑）对话为体的旧史传。”
Word by Word
भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अत्रhere; in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
उदाहरन्तिthey cite; they give as an example
उदाहरन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-आ-हृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
इमम्this
इमम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
इतिहासम्historical tale; narrative
इतिहासम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइतिहास
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुरातनम्ancient
पुरातनम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुरातन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मैत्रेयस्यof Maitreya
मैत्रेयस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootमैत्रेय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
संवादम्dialogue; conversation
संवादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंवाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कृष्णद्वैयायनस्यof Krishna-Dvaipayana (Vyasa)
कृष्णद्वैयायनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्णद्वैयायन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhishmaM
MaitreyaK
Krishna Dvaipayana (Vyasa)K
King (Yudhishthira, implied addressee)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Bhishma frames his instruction by appealing to an authoritative precedent: ethical guidance (dharma) is strengthened by citing an ancient itihasa, especially a revered dialogue between sages.
Bhishma tells the king that, to clarify the present topic, he will present an old exemplary account—specifically, a dialogue between the sage Maitreya and Vyasa (Krishna Dvaipayana).