Shloka 2
Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving
Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum
Devanagari script
दुःखं प्राणपरित्याग: पुरुषाणां महामृधे । जानासि त्वं महाप्राज्ञ प्राणत्यागं सुदुष्करम्
Translation
“大智者啊，你自当知晓：在大征战中，对人而言，舍弃性命是何等痛苦。弃命之事，实为至难。”
Word by Word
दुःखम्painful; a sorrow (as predicate)
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
प्राण-परित्यागःabandoning life; giving up the vital breaths
प्राण-परित्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणपरित्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषाणाम्of men; for men
पुरुषाणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
महा-मृधेin the great battle
महा-मृधे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमहा-मृध
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
जानासिyou know
जानासि:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
महा-प्राज्ञO very wise one
महा-प्राज्ञ:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहा-प्राज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्राण-त्यागम्the giving up of life
प्राण-त्यागम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्राणत्याग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सु-दुष्करम्very difficult
सु-दुष्करम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुष्कर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
युधिछिर उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes