Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 113
Ahiṃsā as Threefold Restraint (Mind–Speech–Action) and the Ethics of Consumption
एकस्तरति दुर्गाणि गच्छत्येकस्तु दुर्गतिम् । बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--राजन्! प्राणी अकेला ही जन्म लेता
yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |
ekas tarati durgāṇi gacchaty ekas tu durgatim |
yaḥ nīcaḥ puruṣo dhana-lobhena vā śatrutā-kāraṇād vā śastraṃ gṛhītvā nihataṃ (aśastraṃ) puruṣaṃ hanti sa mṛtyor anantaram gardabha-yoniṃ prāpnoti ||
kharo jīvati varṣe dve tataḥ śastreṇa vadhyate |
sa mṛto mṛga-yoniṃ tu nityodvignaḥ punar jāyate ||
玉提湿陀罗说道：“人独自渡过险难之关，亦独自堕入败亡。众生独自而生，独自而死；独自经历战胜苦难，也独自品尝厄运。故那卑劣之人，或贪财利，或因仇怨，执兵刃而杀无兵之人——死后必入驴胎而生。为驴者活两年，继而为兵刃所杀；如是死去，又转生为鹿，恒常惶惧，终日畏惧猎人。”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
Moral responsibility is personal and inescapable: one faces the fruits of one’s actions alone. Specifically, violence driven by greed or enmity—especially killing an unarmed person—leads to degrading rebirths and a life marked by fear and suffering.
In Anuśāsana Parva’s ethical instruction, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates (with a traditional attribution to Bṛhaspati in the accompanying gloss) a karmic warning: the killer of an unarmed man is reborn first as a donkey, then after being slain, as a deer-like creature, living constantly terrified of hunters.