Shloka 96

आदि पर्व, अध्याय 67 — गान्धर्वविवाह-समयः

Duḥṣanta–Śakuntalā: Gandharva Marriage and Succession Condition

Devanagari script

दुर्मदो दुष्प्रधर्षश्व विवित्सुर्विकट: सम: । ऊर्णनाभ: पद्मनाभस्तथा नन्दोपनन्दकौ

Transliteration

durmado duṣpradharṣaś ca vivitsur vikaṭaḥ samaḥ | ūrṇanābhaḥ padmanābhas tathā nandopanandakau ||

Translation

毗舍波耶那说道：“有杜尔玛达（Durmada）、杜什普拉达尔沙（Duṣpradharṣa）、维维特苏（Vivitsu）、维迦塔（Vikaṭa）、萨玛（Sama）、乌尔那那婆（Ūrṇanābha）、莲脐者（Padmanābha）；并有难陀（Nanda）与优波难陀（Upananda）。”

Word by Word

• दुर्मदः: proud/arrogant (one whose pride is excessive)
• दुर्मदः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुर्मद
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दुष्प्रधर्षः: hard to overpower/assail
• दुष्प्रधर्षः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुष्प्रधर्ष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विवित्सुः: wishing to know/inquire
• विवित्सुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विवित्सु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विकटः: formidable/huge/terrible-looking
• विकटः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विकट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• समः: even/level; impartial
• समः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ऊर्णनाभः: spider (lit. wool/thread-navel); a name/epithet
• ऊर्णनाभः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऊर्णनाभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पद्मनाभः: lotus-naveled; an epithet (of Viṣṇu)
• पद्मनाभः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पद्मनाभ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तथा: likewise/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• नन्द: Nanda (proper name)
• नन्द: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: नन्द
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उपनन्दकौ: Upanandaka (two persons named Upanandaka / or Upananda and Nandaka as a dual form in some readings)
• उपनन्दकौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपनन्दक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Durmada
• Duṣpradharṣa
• Vivitsu
• Vikaṭa
• Sama
• Ūrṇanābha
• Padmanābha
• Nanda
• Upananda

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse functions as part of a genealogical/narrative catalogue, implicitly teaching that the epic’s moral world is populated by many agents; dharma and adharma unfold through networks of people and families, not only a few celebrated protagonists.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana continues enumerating named individuals in sequence, adding several figures (Durmada through Upananda) as part of a larger list in this section of Ādi Parva.