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Shloka 39

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 115 — Mādri’s request; invocation of the Aśvins; birth and naming of the Pāṇḍavas

ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थ आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत्‌ । स तथा विदुरेणोक्तस्तैश्व सर्वैर्द्धिजोत्तमै:,“केवल एक पुत्रके त्यागद्वारा इस सम्पूर्ण कुलका तथा समस्त जगत्‌का कल्याण कीजिये। नीति कहती है कि समूचे कुलके हितके लिये एक व्यक्तिको त्याग दे, गाँवके हितके लिये एक कुलको छोड़ दे, देशके हितके लिये एक गाँवका परित्याग कर दे और आत्माके कल्याणके लिये सारे भूमण्डलको त्याग दे।” विदुर तथा उन सभी श्रेष्ठ ब्राह्मणोंके यों कहनेपर भी पुत्रस्नेहके बन्धनमें बँधे हुए राजा धृतराष्ट्रने वैला नहीं किया। जनमेजय! इस प्रकार राजा धृतराष्ट्रके पूरे सौ पुत्र हुए

vaiśampāyana uvāca | grāmaṃ janapadasyārtha ātmārthe pṛthivīṃ tyajet | sa tathā vidureṇoktas taiś ca sarvair dvijottamaiḥ |

毗舍摩耶那说道:“为一方之利,当舍一村;为自身至上之善,甚至当舍尽大地。”于是毗度罗与诸位最上婆罗门如此劝谏持国王:为全族、乃至为世间之安宁,当牺牲一子。然而持国王为子爱所缚,终未依言而行。故而,阇那美阇耶啊,持国王遂得百子具足。

ग्रामम्village
ग्रामम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जनपदस्यof the country/district
जनपदस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अर्थेfor the sake (in the interest)
अर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
आत्मार्थेfor one's own good
आत्मार्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मार्थ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पृथिवीम्the earth
पृथिवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
त्यजेत्should abandon
त्यजेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तथाthus/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
विदुरेणby Vidura
विदुरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविदुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
उक्तःsaid/spoken
उक्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
तैःby them
तैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सर्वैःby all
सर्वैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
द्विजोत्तमैःby the best of the twice-born (brahmins)
द्विजोत्तमैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
V
Vidura
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
J
Janamejaya
D
dvijottamāḥ (foremost Brāhmaṇas)
G
grāma (village)
J
janapada (district/realm)
P
pṛthivī (earth)

Educational Q&A

A graded ethic of sacrifice: one may give up a smaller unit for a larger common good (individual for family, family for village, village for realm), and for one’s highest spiritual welfare (ātmārtha) one may renounce even worldly sovereignty (pṛthivī). The verse frames renunciation as rational, dharmic prioritization.

Vaiśampāyana reports that Vidura and leading Brāhmaṇas counsel Dhṛtarāṣṭra to relinquish even a single son if that would secure the welfare of the Kuru line and the world. Dhṛtarāṣṭra, however, is overpowered by paternal attachment and does not follow the counsel; the narration continues toward the account of his hundred sons.