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Shloka 32

Āhnika-Dharma: Dawn Purification, Sandhyā-Upāsanā, Tarpana, Pañca-Mahāyajñas, and Aśauca Rules

Devanagari script

प्रज्वाल्य वह्निं विधिवज्जुहुयाज्जातवेदसम् / ऋत्विक् पुत्रो ऽथ पत्नी वा शिष्यो वापि सहोदरः

Transliteration

prajvālya vahniṃ vidhivajjuhuyājjātavedasam / ṛtvik putro 'tha patnī vā śiṣyo vāpi sahodaraḥ

Translation

点燃圣火之后，应依仪轨向“知一切者”阇多吠陀（Jātavedas，即火神阿耆尼）奉献供酥。主祭祭司，或儿子，或妻子，或弟子，乃至同胞兄弟，皆可行此仪。

Word by Word
प्रज्वाल्यhaving kindled
प्रज्वाल्य:
Kriya (Prior action/पूर्वक्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्र + ज्वल् (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive); धातु: ज्वल् (to blaze); उपसर्ग: प्र (having kindled)
वह्निंthe fire
वह्निं:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
विधिवत्according to the rite
विधिवत्:
Prakaraṇa (Manner/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविधिवत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (properly, according to rule)
जुहुयात्should offer (oblations)
जुहुयात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहु (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), परस्मैपद; तृतीयपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; धातु: हु (to offer into fire)
जातवेदसम्Jātavedas (Agni)
जातवेदसम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजातवेदस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; अग्निनाम (epithet of Agni)
ऋत्विक्the officiating priest
ऋत्विक्:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विज् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; रूप: ऋत्विक् (nom. sg.)
पुत्रःthe son
पुत्रः:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
अथor/then
अथ:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्प/अनुक्रमबोधक (or then)
पत्नीthe wife
पत्नी:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Alternative marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक निपात (or)
शिष्यःthe disciple
शिष्यः:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिष्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Alternative marker/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक (or)
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Additive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अपि-कार (also/even)
सहोदरःa brother (born of same mother)
सहोदरः:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसहोदर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Properly kindling and offering into Agni is a central nitya/naimittika duty; the rite may be maintained by qualified close relations when needed.

Vedantic Theme: Yajña as karma-yoga: disciplined action offered into the sacred, supporting inner purification and social order.

Application: Maintain integrity of essential duties through trained delegation (ṛtvij/son/wife/disciple/brother) when the principal is unable, ensuring competence and reverence.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Geographic Context

Type: ritual enclosure (gṛhya/śrauta space)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (Ācāra): agni-kārya, homa, delegation/agency in rites (contextual)

Characters & Entities
A
Agni (Jātavedas)
Ṛ
Ṛtvik (priest)

FAQs

This verse highlights that offerings to Agni—performed in the properly kindled fire—are a key part of the prescribed rite, with Agni serving as the sacred medium for the oblation.

The verse explicitly allows multiple eligible performers: the officiating priest, the son, the wife, the disciple, or a brother—indicating continuity of rites even if a specific person is unavailable.

If a qualified priest is not available, the family should still ensure the essential rites are performed by an eligible close relative with due procedure and reverence, rather than neglecting the ritual obligations.

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