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Shloka 40

Atma-Jnana as the Direct Means to Moksha: Advaita, Maya, and the Three States

Devanagari script

एवं तस्या (दात्या) त्मनादित्यं सिद्धमेकस्य सत्यजा / सतोस्तित्वं वसातित्वादस्तित्वासत्यतां ततः

Transliteration

evaṃ tasyā (dātyā) tmanādityaṃ siddhamekasya satyajā / satostitvaṃ vasātitvādastitvāsatyatāṃ tataḥ

Translation

由是，依此教义——以自家推理而立——关于自我（Ātman）的真实便得以安定：真实者之存在被肯定；而非真实者因依赖所依之基而被知为无自性、无实有——于是其虚妄便被判定。

Word by Word
एवम्thus
एवम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formक्रियाविशेषण (adverb)
तस्याःof her/its
तस्याः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम/प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
दात्याby the giver (fem.)
दात्या:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन (पाठान्तर/कोष्ठकस्थ)
आत्मनाby the self
आत्मना:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
आदित्यम्the sun; Āditya
आदित्यम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
सिद्धम्established, accomplished
सिद्धम्:
Kriya (क्रिया/with implied 'asti')
TypeAdjective
Rootसिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विधेयविशेषण (predicate adjective)
एकस्यof the one
एकस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; विशेषण
सत्यजाborn of truth / arising from truth
सत्यजा:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य + जा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; (सत्यात् जाता) षष्ठी/पञ्चमी-तत्पुरुषभाव; विशेषण
सतःof the existent/real
सतः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन
अस्तित्वम्existence
अस्तित्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्तित्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन
वसातित्वात्from dwelling/abiding-ness (as cause)
वसातित्वात्:
Apadana (अपादान/Ablative-cause)
TypeNoun
Rootवसातित्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
अस्तित्वexistence
अस्तित्व:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/qualifier in compound)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्तित्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (समासपूर्वपद)
असत्यताम्unreality, falsity
असत्यताम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootअसत्यता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
ततःtherefore, from that
ततः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: thence/therefore)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (answering Garuda/Vinata-putra in doctrinal exposition)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Reality (sat) is affirmed as self-established; unreality is known as dependent (āśrita) and thus non-existent in itself—thereby falsity (asatyatā/mithyātva) is concluded.

Vedantic Theme: Adhiṣṭhāna–āropa framework; satya/mithyā-viveka; dependence (paratantratā) as mark of unreality; Self as the settled truth.

Application: When encountering changing experiences, test for dependence: what requires support is not ultimately real; rest attention in the self-established witness.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.236 (continuation of sat-asat viveka and ātma-nishchaya)

Characters & Entities
A
Atman

FAQs

This verse frames spiritual discernment: what is truly real has stable existence, while what is dependent and contingent is treated as ultimately false—guiding detachment and right knowledge.

By emphasizing the Self (Atman) as the stable truth and treating dependent phenomena as unreliable, it supports the soul’s progress through correct understanding rather than clinging to transient states.

Cultivate discrimination: act ethically in the world, but remember that lasting identity is the Atman; reduce attachment to impermanent gains and fears.

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