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Shloka 30

Prāyaścitta: Catalogue of Sins, Narakas, and Graded Expiations

Kṛcchra–Cāndrāyaṇa–Japa

Devanagari script

चान्द्रायणं वा त्रीन्मासनभ्यसेद्वेदसंहिताम् / पञ्चगव्यं पिबेद्गोघ्नो मासमासीत संयतः

Transliteration

cāndrāyaṇaṃ vā trīnmāsanabhyasedvedasaṃhitām / pañcagavyaṃ pibedgoghno māsamāsīta saṃyataḥ

Translation

或者他应修持月行苦行（Cāndrāyaṇa），或勤奋研读吠陀本集三个月。杀牛者应饮用五牛圣物（Pañcagavya），并自我克制，持戒生活一个月。

Word by Word
चान्द्रायणम्the Cāndrāyaṇa penance
चान्द्रायणम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचान्द्रायण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; व्रत/प्रायश्चित्त-नाम
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formनिपात, विकल्पार्थक
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma (Measure qualifier/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; संख्याविशेषणम्
मासान्months
मासान्:
Karma (Extent/अवधि)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन
अभ्यसेत्should practice/recite repeatedly
अभ्यसेत्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअभि + √अस्/√अस्? (धातु) → √अभ्यस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
वेदसंहिताम्the Vedic Saṃhitā
वेदसंहिताम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवेद + संहिता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (वेदस्य संहिता)
पञ्चगव्यम्pañcagavya (five cow-products mixture)
पञ्चगव्यम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootपञ्च + गव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (पञ्चानां गव्यानां समाहारः)
पिबेत्should drink
पिबेत्:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√पा (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन
गोघ्नःa cow-killer
गोघ्नः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगो + घ्न (प्रातिपदिक; √हन् (धातु) → घ्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुषः (गां हन्ति इति)
मासम्for a month
मासम्:
Karma (Extent/अवधि)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन
आसीतshould sit/remain
आसीत:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√आस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्
संयतःrestrained/self-controlled
संयतः:
Karta (Subject qualifier/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + √यम् (धातु) → संयत (कृदन्त)
Formक्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; विशेषणम्
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Alternative expiations: Cāndrāyaṇa vow or sustained Vedic Saṃhitā study; for go-hatyā, pañcagavya intake with month-long restraint.

Vedantic Theme: Tapas and svādhyāya as purifiers of antaḥkaraṇa; dharmic repair through regulated living.

Application: Adopt structured disciplines (fasting cycles, study, restraint) to reform behavior; use community-accepted restorative practices after harm.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Geographic Context

Type: hermitage/household observance space

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.105 (Cāndrāyaṇa, svādhyāya, pañcagavya as prāyaścitta)

FAQs

This verse presents prāyaścitta as a dharmic remedy: disciplined vows, Vedic study, and purification observances are prescribed to counteract serious wrongdoing and restore moral and ritual order.

Indirectly, it implies that actions have consequences and that deliberate atonement can mitigate the karmic burden of grave acts, shaping one’s post-death trajectory through ethical correction and restraint.

Adopt accountable self-discipline after wrongdoing: sincere correction, restraint of harmful habits, and consistent study/reflection on ethical teachings (scriptural or otherwise) as a structured path to reform.

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