Shloka 153
अधोलोकवर्णनम् (Adholoka-varṇana) — Description of the Lower Worlds and Cosmographic Measures
Devanagari script
तस्माच्च ऋतवो ज्ञेया ऋतुभ्यो ह्यार्त्तवाः स्मृताः / तस्मादृतुमुखी ज्ञेया अमावास्यास्य पर्वणः
Transliteration
tasmācca ṛtavo jñeyā ṛtubhyo hyārttavāḥ smṛtāḥ / tasmādṛtumukhī jñeyā amāvāsyāsya parvaṇaḥ
Translation
因此应当知晓诸季(ṛtu)；而“Ārtava”亦由诸季而被称记。故在无月日(Amāvāsyā)之节(parva)中，应知名为“Ṛtumukhī（季首）”者。
Word by Word
tasmātfrom that/therefore
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottasmāt (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक tad)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular; pronominal form
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction
ṛtavaḥseasons
ṛtavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
jñeyāḥare to be known
jñeyāḥ:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormGerundive/कृत्य (यत्), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
ṛtubhyaḥfrom the seasons
ṛtubhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Plural
hiindeed/for
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormParticle (निपात; हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ)
ārttavāḥārtavas (seasonal periods/years)
ārttavāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootārtava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
smṛtāḥare called/are said
smṛtāḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛ (धातु)
FormPast passive participle/क्त (PPP), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; passive sense ‘are called/remembered’
tasmāttherefore/from that
tasmāt:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottasmāt (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक tad)
FormAblative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular
ṛtu-mukhīṚtumukhī (name of a parvan)
ṛtu-mukhī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛtu (प्रातिपदिक) + mukhī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुष-समास (‘having the face/beginning of a season’)
jñeyāshould be known
jñeyā:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeVerb
Rootjñā (धातु)
FormGerundive/कृत्य (यत्), Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
amāvāsyāyāḥof the new-moon day
amāvāsyāyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootamāvāsyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
parvaṇaḥof the festival/junction (parvan)
parvaṇaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootparvan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठī), Singular