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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ashtama Skandha, Shloka 13

Manvantara Enumerations Begin: Svāyambhuva’s Austerity, Yajñapati’s Protection, and the Avatāras up to Hari

Gajendra Prelude

Devanagari script

स विश्वकाय: पुरुहूत ईश: सत्य: स्वयंज्योतिरज: पुराण: । धत्तेऽस्य जन्माद्यजयात्मशक्त्या तां विद्ययोदस्य निरीह आस्ते ॥ १३ ॥

Transliteration

sa viśva-kāyaḥ puru-hūta-īśaḥ satyaḥ svayaṁ-jyotir ajaḥ purāṇaḥ dhatte ’sya janmādy-ajayātma-śaktyā tāṁ vidyayodasya nirīha āste

Translation

祂是主宰，具无量名号；整个宇宙显现即是祂的身躯。祂是真实，自光明，不生不变，亘古常在。以不可战胜的自性神力，祂藉外在能量使宇宙显现为生起、维持与毁灭；然而以真知遣除幻力（māyā），祂安住于灵性能量中，超然不染。

Synonyms
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वकायःwhose body is the universe
विश्वकायः:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + काय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (विश्वस्य कायः)
पुरुहूतईशःlord of the much-invoked (gods)/much-invoked lord
पुरुहूतईशः:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुहूत (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (पुरुहूतानाम् ईशः)
सत्यःtrue
सत्यः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयंज्योतिःself-luminous
स्वयंज्योतिः:
Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयम् (अव्यय) + ज्योतिस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular; अव्ययीभावः (स्वयम् ज्योतिः)
अजःunborn
अजः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular
पुराणःancient
पुराणः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपुराण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular
धत्तेsustains/holds
धत्ते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootधा (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद — Present, 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
अस्यof this (universe)
अस्य:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन — Genitive, Singular
जन्मादिbirth and so on (creation etc.)
जन्मादि:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन — Neuter, Accusative, Singular; समाहार-तत्पुरुषः (जन्म च आदि च → ‘birth etc.’)
अजया-आत्म-शक्त्याby (His) unborn intrinsic power
अजया-आत्म-शक्त्या:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअज (प्रातिपदिक) + या (स्त्री-प्रत्यय/प्रातिपदिक) ; आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + शक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन — Feminine, Instrumental, Singular; समासः: (अजया) + (आत्मशक्त्या); आत्मशक्ति = षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (आत्मनः शक्तिः)
ताम्that (power)
ताम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), एकवचन — Feminine, Accusative, Singular
विद्ययाby knowledge
विद्यया:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविद्या (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन — Feminine, Instrumental, Singular
उदस्यhaving cast off/removed
उदस्य:
Purvakala (पूर्वकाल)
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-स्यन्द्/उद्-अस् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive) — having cast off/removed; (√अस्/स्यन्द् with उद्-; usage: ‘उदस्य’ = ‘उत्सृज्य/अपहाय’)
निरीहःeffortless/without striving
निरीहः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिरीह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन — Masculine, Nominative, Singular
आस्तेremains/abides
आस्ते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootआस् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद — Present, 3rd person, Singular, Ātmanepada
Purport

Śrī Caitanya Mahāprabhu says in His Śikṣāṣṭaka, nāmnām akāri bahudhā nija-sarva-śaktiḥ: the Supreme Personality of Godhead has many names, which are all nondifferent from the Supreme Person. This is spiritual existence. By chanting the Hare Kṛṣṇa mahā-mantra, consisting of names of the Supreme Lord, we find that the name has all the potencies of the person. The Lord’s activities are many, and according to His activities He has many names. He appeared as the son of mother Yaśodā, and also as the son of mother Devakī, and therefore He is named Devakī-nandana and Yaśodā-nandana. Parāsya śaktir vividhaiva śrūyate: the Lord has a multitude of energies, and therefore He acts in multifarious ways. Yet He has a particular name. The śāstras recommend which names we should chant, such as Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa, Hare Hare. It is not that we have to search for some name or manufacture one. Rather, we must follow the saintly persons and the śāstras in chanting His holy name.

FAQs

This verse describes the Supreme Lord as aja (unborn) and svayam-jyoti (self-effulgent), meaning His existence and radiance are intrinsic and not produced by any external cause.

The verse explains that the Lord sustains creation, maintenance, and dissolution through His unconquerable internal potency (ātma-śakti), while personally remaining detached and uninvolved, established in perfect knowledge (vidyā).

It encourages responsible action without ego and attachment—recognizing a higher controller—so one can work steadily while cultivating inner detachment and spiritual clarity.

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