Sutra 21

Devanagari script

देशराजविहारयोर्देशविहारस्त्रैकाल्येन कर्मफलोपघातं करोति राजविहारस्तु कारुशिल्पिकुशीलववाग्जीवनरूपाजीवावैदेहकोपकारं करोति इत्याचार्याः ॥ कZ_०८.४.२१ ॥

Transliteration

deśarājavihārayor deśavihāras traikālyena karmaphalopaghātaṃ karoti; rājavihāras tu kāruśilpikuśīlavavāgjīvanarūpājīvāvaidehakopakāraṃ karoti iti ācāryāḥ

Translation

在“乡间游荡”和“王者游荡”两者之中：乡间游荡会在三时（过去、现在与未来/周期）上损害劳作之果；而王者游荡（朝廷式的纵乐）则伤害工匠、手艺人、艺伎/表演者、以言辞为生者、以容貌为生者，乃至外来者——诸师如是说。

Word by Word

• देशराजविहारयोः: of (the) country and the king’s tour
• Type: Noun
• Root: देश; राजविहार
• Form: षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् (genitive dual); समासः: देश + राजविहार (द्वन्द्व)

• देशविहारः: a tour of the country
• Type: Noun
• Root: देशविहार
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular, masculine); समासः: देशस्य विहारः

• त्रैकाल्येन: by (its) occurring in all three times/periods
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रैकाल्य
• Form: तृतीया-एकवचनम् (instrumental singular, neuter); त्रि + काल्य (three times/three periods)

• कर्मफलोपघातम्: damage/impairment to the results of work
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्म; फल; उपघात
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (accusative singular, masculine); समासः: कर्मफलस्य उपघातः

• करोति: causes / does
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: लट्-लकारः, परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• राजविहारः: the king’s tour
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजविहार
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular, masculine); समासः: राज्ञः विहारः

• तु: but / however
• Type: Particle
• Root: तु
• Form: निपात (contrastive)

• कारुशिल्पिकुशीलववाग्जीवनरूपाजीवावैदेहक: (the group of) artisans, craftsmen, actors, those living by speech, those living by display, and vaidehakas
• Type: Noun
• Root: कारु; शिल्पिक; कुशीलव; वाग्जीवन; रूपाजीव; वैदेहक
• Form: प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (nominative singular, masculine) as a collective compound; समासः: कारु + शिल्पिक + कुशीलव + वाग्जीवन + रूपाजीव + वैदेहक (समाहार/इतरइतरे द्वन्द्व-प्रायः)

• उपकारम्: benefit / assistance
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपकार
• Form: द्वितीया-एकवचनम् (accusative singular, masculine)

• करोति: causes / does
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ
• Form: लट्-लकारः, परस्मैपदम्; प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्

• इति: thus
• Type: Particle
• Root: इति
• Form: इति-शब्दः (quotative)

• आचार्याः: the teachers/authorities (say)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार्य
• Form: प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् (nominative plural, masculine)

Entities Mentioned

• rājavihāra (royal indulgence)
• artisans/craftsmen
• performers
• speech-professionals
• rūpājīva groups
• vaidehaka (outsiders)

More Details

FAQs

What is the administrative meaning of ‘traikālya’ here?

Roaming disrupts work outcomes not only immediately but also across production cycles—undermining continuity and future yield.

Why list artisans and performers?

They are economically and socially vulnerable to predatory requisitions and forced service that accompany royal indulgence.