Sutra 1
Devanagari script
दैवपीडनं अग्निरुदकं व्याधिर्दुर्भिक्षं मरक इति ॥ कZ_०८.४.०१ ॥
Transliteration
daivapīḍanaṃ agnirudakaṃ vyādhirdurbhikṣaṃ maraka iti
Translation
由不可控之力造成的灾害有：火、水（洪水）、疾病、饥荒，以及疫病/瘟疫（大规模死亡）。
Word by Word
दैवपीडनम्calamity caused by fate/divine forces
दैवपीडनम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपीड् (पीडने)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; समासः—दैवस्य पीडनम्
अग्निःfire (conflagration)
अग्निः:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
उदकम्water (flood/inundation)
उदकम्:
TypeNoun
Rootउदक
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
व्याधिःdisease (epidemic)
व्याधिः:
TypeNoun
Rootव्याधि
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
दुर्भिक्षम्famine/scarcity of food
दुर्भिक्षम्:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्भिक्ष
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन
मरकःpestilence/mortality (plague-like calamity)
मरकः:
TypeNoun
Rootमरक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
इतिthus; namely (end-quotative)
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formअव्यय; उक्तिसमाप्त्यर्थक-निपातः
Entities Mentioned
A
agni (fire)U
udaka (flood)V
vyādhi (disease)D
durbhikṣa (famine)M
maraka (epidemic)FAQs
A category of shocks largely outside human control, requiring preparedness, relief, and resilience measures rather than blame-based punishment.