Sutra 3

Devanagari script

द्वैधीभूतो वा कोशेन दण्डं दण्डेन कोशं सामन्तानामन्यतमाल् लिप्सेत ॥ कZ_०७.७.०३ ॥

Transliteration

dvaidhībhūto vā kośena daṇḍaṃ daṇḍena kośaṃ sāmantānāmanyatamāl lipseta

Translation

或者，采取两面政策，他应当设法从某一位邻近诸王那里，以金钱（kośa）换取武力（daṇḍa），或以武力换取金钱。

Word by Word

• द्वैधीभूतः: having adopted a dual policy; being in a state of duplicity
• Type: Participle
• Root: द्वैधीभू
• Form: कृदन्त (भूतकृदन्त); पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; (कर्तरि) ‘द्वैधीभू’ धातोः क्त प्रत्ययः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्पार्थक

• कोशेन: by means of the treasury; with financial resources
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन

• दण्डम्: the coercive power/army (force)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; कर्मपद

• दण्डेन: by means of force/army
• Type: Noun
• Root: दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; तृतीया-एकवचन

• कोशम्: the treasury; financial resources
• Type: Noun
• Root: कोश
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; कर्मपद

• सामन्तानाम्: of the vassal/neighbouring chiefs (samantas)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सामन्त
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन

• अन्यतमात्: from one (of them); from any one
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्यतम
• Form: सर्वनाम-विशेषण; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी-एकवचन; अपादान

• लिप्सेत: should seek to obtain; should try to acquire
• Type: Verb
• Root: लिप्स्
• Form: आत्मनेपद; विधिलिङ् (optative); प्रथमपुरुष; एकवचन; परस्मैपद-धातु ‘लभ्’ का देशिदेश/इच्छार्थक रूप ‘लिप्स्’ (desiderative stem)

Entities Mentioned

• sāmanta

More Details

FAQs

What is the policy logic of ‘kośena daṇḍam / daṇḍena kośam’?

Treat money and force as convertible instruments: finance can purchase troops/assistance, while coercion can extract tribute/resources—choose the conversion that improves your strategic position.