Sutra 5

Devanagari script

यदा वा पश्येत्स्वदण्डैर्मित्राटवीदण्डैर्वा समं ज्यायांसं वा कर्शयितुमुत्सहे इति तदा कृतबाह्याभ्यन्तरकृत्यो विगृह्यासीत ॥ कZ_०७.४.०५ ॥

Transliteration

yadā vā paśyet svadaṇḍair mitrāṭavīdaṇḍair vā samaṃ jyāyāṃsaṃ vā karśayitum utsahe iti tadā kṛtabāhyābhyantarakṛtyo vigṛhy āsīta

Translation

或者当他察觉：“凭我自身的兵力——或凭盟友与林地首领的兵力——我能够消耗一个势均力敌、甚至更强的敌人”，那么，在完成对外与对内的准备之后，他应当进入敌对状态，并保持姿态（āsana）。

Word by Word

• यदा: when
• Type: Pronoun (relative)
• Root: यद्
• Form: अव्यय (सम्बन्ध-कालवाचक), यदा-तदा सम्बन्धः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• पश्येत्: should see / should find (that)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• स्वदण्डैः: with his own forces/punitive power
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्व + दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; स्वस्य दण्डैः

• मित्राटवीदण्डैः: with the forces of allies and of the forest (tribes/region)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मित्र + अटवी + दण्ड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; मित्राणां च अटव्याः च दण्डैः

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• समम्: equally; on equal terms
• Type: Adverb
• Root: सम
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण)

• ज्यायांसम्: a stronger (one) / a superior (enemy/king)
• Type: Adjective (comparative) used substantively
• Root: ज्यायस्
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘श्रेष्ठतरम्/बलवत्तरम्’ (शत्रुं/राजानं)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्यय

• कर्शयितुम्: to weaken / wear down / harass
• Type: Verbal noun (infinitive)
• Root: कृश् (कर्शयति)
• Form: तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त (infinitive)

• उत्सहे: I am able / I dare / I can undertake
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्सह्
• Form: लट्, आत्मनेपद, उत्तमपुरुष, एकवचन

• इति: thus (thinking/saying)
• Type: Quotative particle
• Root: इति
• Form: इत्यादि-उद्धरणार्थक-अव्यय

• तदा: then
• Type: Pronoun (correlative)
• Root: तद्
• Form: अव्यय (यदा-तदा सम्बन्धः)

• कृतबाह्याभ्यन्तरकृत्यः: having completed external and internal tasks/preparations
• Type: Adjective (past participle compound)
• Root: कृत + बाह्य + अभ्यन्तर + कृत्य
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; कृतानि बाह्याभ्यन्तरकृत्यानि येन सः

• विगृह्य: having declared/undertaken hostility; having engaged in war
• Type: Gerund (absolutive)
• Root: ग्रह् (वि-ग्रह्)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (ल्यप् रूप)

• आसीत: should remain / should stay (in position)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आस्
• Form: लोट् (आज्ञार्थे) / विधिलिङ्-सदृश प्रयोगः; परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Entities Mentioned

• own forces (svadaṇḍa)
• allies (mitra)
• forest forces (āṭavīdaṇḍa)
• equal/stronger enemy

More Details

FAQs

What is the decision test for initiating hostility here?

A capability assessment that one can attrit an equal or stronger enemy, using own forces and/or allied/forest auxiliaries.

What does ‘kṛtabāhyābhyantarakṛtya’ imply administratively?

A checklist discipline: logistics, finance, internal security, diplomacy, and domestic stability must be secured before escalation.