Sutra 17

Devanagari script

सर्वेषां वा स्त्रीदायाद्यदोषः कर्मस्पर्धा प्रतिपक्षद्वेषः पण्यसंस्थासमवायो वा विवादपदानामन्यतमद्वा रोषस्थानम् ॥ कZ_०४.७.१७ ॥

Transliteration

sarveṣāṃ vā strīdāyādyadoṣaḥ karmaspardhā pratipakṣadveṣaḥ paṇyasaṃsthāsamavāyo vā vivādapadānām anyatamad vā roṣasthānam

Translation

对任何人而言，怨愤（敌意之源）的根由可能是：与妇女或继承等有关的争端；工作上的竞争；对对立一方的憎恨；商帮或贸易团体内部的勾结/结社；或其他任何被承认的争端缘由。

Word by Word

• सर्वेषाम्: of all (persons)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (gen. pl.), पुं/नपुं (contextual)

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम् (disjunctive ‘or’)

• स्त्रीदायादि: (matters of) women, heirs, and the like
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: स्त्री + दायाद + आदि
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् (as qualifier of दोषः); ‘-आदि’ = ‘and the like’

• दोषः: fault; ground (for dispute)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• कर्मस्पर्धा: competition/rivalry in work
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: कर्म + स्पर्धा
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• प्रतिपक्षद्वेषः: hatred toward the opponent
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: प्रतिपक्ष + द्वेष
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• पण्यसंस्था: commercial arrangement/establishment (of goods)
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: पण्य + संस्था
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• समवायः: association; joint undertaking
• Type: Noun
• Root: समवाय
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• विवादपदानाम्: of the grounds/heads of dispute
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: विवाद + पद
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे षष्ठी-बहुवचनम् (gen. pl.)

• अन्यतमद्: any one (of them)
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: अन्यतम
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्; ‘one of (them)’

• वा: or
• Type: Particle
• Root: वा
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्

• रोषस्थानम्: a locus/cause of anger
• Type: Noun (compound)
• Root: रोष + स्थान
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

Entities Mentioned

• families/heirs
• women (as a dispute locus)
• occupational rivals
• political factions/opposition
• merchants/guilds (paṇyasaṃsthā)

More Details

FAQs

Why does Kauṭilya list 'grounds of dispute' in a homicide/suspicious-death context?

He operationalizes motive: investigators should map deaths to known dispute-types (family, work, faction, commerce) to generate suspect sets and lines of questioning.