Sutra 11
Devanagari script
कर्षकगोपालकवृद्धाः पूर्वभुक्तिका वा बाह्याः सेतूनामभिज्ञा बहव एको वा निर्दिश्य सीमसेतून्विपरीतवेषाः सीमानं नयेयुः ॥ कZ_०३.९.११ ॥
Transliteration
karṣakagopālakavṛddhāḥ pūrvabhuktikā vā bāhyāḥ setūnāmabhijñā bahava eko vā nirdiśya sīmasetūnviparītaveṣāḥ sīmānaṃ nayeyuḥ
Translation
可指派（一个或多人）熟知界标的农夫、牧人、长者或先前居住者——甚至外来者；他们应乔装改扮，辨认并引导（官员）到达边界及其界标。
Word by Word
कर्षकfarmers/cultivators
कर्षक:
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (समूह-निर्देश)
गोपालकcowherds/herdsmen
गोपालक:
TypeNoun
Rootगोप्/पाल् (पालन)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन (समूह-निर्देश)
वृद्धाःelders/old men
वृद्धाः:
TypeNoun (adjectival substantive)
Rootवृद्ध
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
पूर्वभुक्तिकाःthose with prior enjoyment/previous occupants (persons with earlier experience/possession)
पूर्वभुक्तिकाः:
TypeNoun (bahuvrihi/tatpurusha-derived)
Rootभुज्
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; 'पूर्वं भुक्तिः (अनुभव/उपभोग) येषाम्/येन' इति अर्थे (पूर्वानुभवी/पूर्वोपभोगिनः)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
बाह्याःoutsiders (non-local persons)
बाह्याः:
TypeNoun (adjectival substantive)
Rootबाह्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; 'बाह्य' = बाहिरागत/अन्य-ग्राम-जन
सेतूनाम्of the dams/embankments (waterworks)
सेतूनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसेतु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी-बहुवचन
अभिज्ञाःwell-acquainted/knowledgeable
अभिज्ञाः:
TypeNoun (adjectival substantive)
Rootज्ञा (अभि-ज्ञा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; 'अभिज्ञ' = परिचित/विशेषज्ञ
बहवःmany
बहवः:
TypeNoun (adjectival substantive)
Rootबहु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन
एकःone
एकः:
TypeNoun (adjectival substantive)
Rootएक
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
निर्दिश्यhaving designated/appointed
निर्दिश्य:
TypeVerb (absolutive)
Rootदिश् (निर्-दिश्)
Formक्त्वान्त (अव्ययभाव); 'निर्दिश्य' = निर्दिष्ट्वा/चयनं कृत्वा
सीमसेतून्boundary-marks and dams/embankments (boundary and waterwork markers)
सीमसेतून्:
TypeNoun
Rootसीमा + सेतु
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-बहुवचन; 'सीमा' (स्त्री) + 'सेतु' (पुं) समाहार-निर्देशे द्वन्द्वः; कर्मपद
विपरीतवेषाःwearing a disguise / in altered dress
विपरीतवेषाः:
TypeNoun (bahuvrihi)
Rootविपरीत + वेष
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-बहुवचन; 'विपरीतो वेषो येषाम्'
सीमानम्the boundary
सीमानम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसीमा
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; द्वितीया-एकवचन; कर्म
नयेयुःshould lead/should guide (to establish)
नयेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootनी (नयति)
Formविधिलिङ्/आशीर्लिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष-बहुवचन; 'they should lead/guide'
Entities Mentioned
K
karṣaka (farmers)G
gopālaka (herdsmen)V
vṛddha (elders)P
pūrvabhuktika (former occupants)S
setu (landmarks)FAQs
To reduce coercion, bribery, and factional pressure during on-site identification, improving the reliability of testimony and inspection.