Sutra 4
Devanagari script
बहुगुणहीनमार्तकृतं वाविषह्यम् ॥ कZ_०३.१५.०४ ॥
Transliteration
bahuguṇahīnamārtakṛtaṃ vāviṣahyam
Translation
（突发的）多项关键素质/资源的严重丧失，或因疾病造成的痛苦——均视为不可抗拒的情形（aviṣahya）。
Word by Word
बहु-गुण-हीनम्(that which is) lacking many qualities / very deficient in merits
बहु-गुण-हीनम्:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootही (हायने) / √हā (त्यागे) (as in हीन)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (कृतम् इत्यस्य)
आर्त-कृतम्made by a distressed person; made under distress/duress
आर्त-कृतम्:
TypeAdjective (P.P.P. compound)
Root√कृ (करणे) (past passive participle कृत); आर्त (from √अर्द्/आर्त ‘distressed’)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; ‘आर्तेन कृतम्’/‘आर्तस्य कृतम्’ इत्यर्थे; विशेषणम्
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formविकल्पार्थक-अव्ययम्
अविषह्यम्unendurable; not to be tolerated/accepted
अविषह्यम्:
TypeAdjective (gerundive sense)
Root√सह् (सहने) with negation अ-; (gerundive/adj. ‘to be endured’)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचनम्; विधेय-विशेषणम्
Entities Mentioned
S
seller/obligorFAQs
Upanipāta lists external disruptive events (state action, theft, fire, flood), while aviṣahya covers overpowering incapacity/hardship (loss of essential means or illness).