Sutra 1
Devanagari script
विक्रीय पण्यमप्रयच्छतो द्वादशपणो दण्डः अन्यत्र दोषोपनिपाताविषह्येभ्यः ॥ कZ_०३.१५.०१ ॥
Transliteration
vikrīya paṇyamaprayacchato dvādaśapaṇo daṇḍaḥ anyatra doṣopanipātāviṣahyebhyaḥ
Translation
货物售出后若不交付，罚十二波那——但若（未交付）因瑕疵、灾祸或不可抗力所致，则例外。
Word by Word
विक्रीयhaving sold; after selling
विक्रीय:
TypeVerb (absolutive/gerund)
Rootवि+क्री
Formकृदन्त; ल्यप् (क्त्वार्थे) अव्यय; ‘विक्रीय’ = ‘विक्रयम् कृत्वा/विक्रित्वा’
पण्यम्merchandise; goods for sale
पण्यम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपण्य
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; एकवचन; द्वितीया
अप्रयच्छतःof (a seller) who does not deliver (the goods)
अप्रयच्छतः:
TypeVerb (present participle)
Rootप्र+यम् (यच्छति)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त; शतृ; परस्मैपदी; पुंलिङ्ग; षष्ठी एकवचन (सम्बन्धे) — ‘(तस्य) अप्रयच्छतः’ = ‘of one who does not deliver/give’
द्वादशपणः(a fine) of twelve paṇas
द्वादशपणः:
TypeNumeral + Noun (amount)
Rootद्वादश + पण
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा (दण्डस्य विशेषणम्)
दण्डःfine; punishment
दण्डः:
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
Formपुंलिङ्ग; एकवचन; प्रथमा
अन्यत्रexcept; otherwise than
अन्यत्र:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यत्र
Formअव्यय; अपवादार्थे ‘except/in cases other than’
दोषोपनिपाताविषह्येभ्यःfrom (cases) where non-delivery is unavoidable due to the supervening occurrence of a defect
दोषोपनिपाताविषह्येभ्यः:
TypeAdjective (from compound)
Rootदोष + उपनिपात + अविषह्य
Formबहुव्रीह्यर्थे प्रयोगः सम्भवति; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; बहुवचन; पञ्चमी (अपादान/अपवाद) — ‘दोष-उपनिपात-अविषह्य’ = ‘(those) unavoidable due to the occurrence of a defect’
Entities Mentioned
S
sellerB
buyerP
paṇa (currency)FAQs
It sets a predictable penalty for intentional non-performance while carving out exceptions for defects and uncontrollable events, reducing unjust punishment and stabilizing commerce.