Sutra 23
Devanagari script
यो भृत्यात्मपीडाभ्यामुपचिनोत्यर्थं स कदर्यः ॥ कZ_०२.९.२३ ॥
Transliteration
yo bhṛtyātmapīḍābhyām upacinoty arthaṃ sa kadaryaḥ
Translation
凡以折磨下属并以自我折磨（吝啬囤积）来聚敛财富者，称为“kadarya”（其行有害的吝啬之人）。
Word by Word
यःwho, he who
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhaktiḥ; ekavacanam; pumān; sambandhaḥ (relative pronoun)
भृत्यservant, employee, attendant
भृत्य:
TypeNoun
Rootभृत्य
Formprātipadika; (samāse pūrvapada); pumliṅga; ekavacana (upapada in compound)
आत्मself, oneself
आत्म:
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
Formprātipadika; (samāse madhyama-pada); pumliṅga; ekavacana (upapada in compound)
पीडाभ्याम्by oppression, through harassment
पीडाभ्याम्:
TypeNoun
Rootपीडा
Formtṛtīyā-vibhaktiḥ; dvivacanam; strīliṅga; karaṇa/hetu-artha (by/through oppression)
भृत्यात्मपीडाभ्याम्by oppressing (both) servants and oneself
भृत्यात्मपीडाभ्याम्:
TypeNoun (compound)
Rootभृत्य-आत्म-पीडा
Formsamāsaḥ: भृत्य-आत्म (dvandva: 'servant and self') + पीडा (tatpuruṣa: 'oppression of ...'); whole form: tṛtīyā-dvivacanam; strīliṅga (head: पीडा)
उपचिनोतिaccumulates, amasses
उपचिनोति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-चि
Formlaṭ-lakāraḥ; prathamapuruṣaḥ; ekavacanam; parasmaipada; vartamāna-kāla; upasarga: उप
अर्थम्wealth, money, resources
अर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअर्थ
Formdvitīyā-vibhaktiḥ; ekavacanam; pumliṅga; karma (object of verb)
सःhe, that person
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhaktiḥ; ekavacanam; pumān; correlative to यः
कदर्यःa miser; a mean, wretched person
कदर्यः:
TypeAdjective (used substantively)
Rootकदर्य
Formprathamā-vibhaktiḥ; ekavacanam; pumliṅga; predicative adjective (nominal predicate)
Entities Mentioned
B
bhṛtya (subordinates/servants)K
kadarya (miserly official)FAQs
A high-risk official profile: one who extracts wealth through workplace oppression and miserly hoarding—behaviors that correlate with concealment, underpayment, and misappropriation.
It signals pathological hoarding and extreme stinginess—traits that can drive concealment of funds and refusal to spend on mandated public or operational needs.