Sutra 8
Devanagari script
स मौलभृतश्रेणिमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां सारफल्गुतां विद्यात् निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामं च आयोगमयोगं च कर्मसु ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०८ ॥
Transliteration
sa maulabhṛtaśreṇimitrāmitrāṭavībalānāṃ sāraphalgutāṃ vidyāt nimnasthalaprakāśakūṭakhanakākāśadivārātriyuddhavyāyāmaṃ ca āyogam ayogaṃ ca karmasu
Translation
他应评估国王世袭军、雇佣军、行会分队、盟军、敌军以及林野部族军的可靠性与薄弱之处；并训练他们进行适合低地、开阔地、隐蔽/伏击地点、掘进/地道攻城以及（在适用时）高处/高地的作战与机动，同时训练昼战与夜战——并懂得在具体任务中何时该用、何时不该用这些兵力。
Word by Word
सःhe (the king/commander/agent in context)
सः:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma; prathamā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
मौलभृतstanding/hereditary troops
मौलभृत:
TypeNoun
Rootमौल + भृत्
Formsamāsa; (in compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound: मौलभृत-...-बलानाम
श्रेणिguilds
श्रेणि:
TypeNoun
Rootश्रेणि
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
मित्रallies
मित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
अमित्रenemies
अमित्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअमित्र
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
आटवीforest (tribal) forces / forest region
आटवी:
TypeNoun
Rootआटवी
Form(as member of compound) prātipadika; here in genitive plural as part of a larger compound
बलानाम्of the forces (troops)
बलानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootबल
Formṣaṣṭhī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; napuṃsakaliṅga (bala)
सारstrength, solidity, substance
सार:
TypeNoun
Rootसार
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with फल्गुता → सारफल्गुताम (dvandva)
फल्गुताweakness, insignificance, hollowness
फल्गुता:
TypeNoun
Rootफल्गुता
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with सार → सारफल्गुताम (dvandva)
सारफल्गुताम्(their) strength and weakness (true worth vs. hollowness)
सारफल्गुताम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसार + फल्गुता
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; strīliṅga (phalgu-tā)
विद्यात्should know/should ascertain
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
Formliṅ (vidhi-liṅ); parasmaipada; prathama-puruṣa; ekavacana
निम्नlow-lying
निम्न:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिम्न
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with स्थल → निम्नस्थल
स्थलground, terrain
स्थल:
TypeNoun
Rootस्थल
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with निम्न → निम्नस्थल
प्रकाशopen/visible (ground), exposure
प्रकाश:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकाश
Form(in compound) prātipadika
कूटconcealment/ambush; hidden (positions)
कूट:
TypeNoun
Rootकूट
Form(in compound) prātipadika
खनकdigging/excavation (works)
खनक:
TypeNoun
Rootखनक
Form(in compound) prātipadika
आकाशopen space/sky
आकाश:
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
Form(in compound) prātipadika
दिवाby day / daytime
दिवा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदिवा
Formavyaya; used in dvandva with रात्रि
रात्रिnight
रात्रि:
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
Form(in compound) prātipadika; with दिवा → दिवारात्रि
युद्धbattle, fighting
युद्ध:
TypeNoun
Rootयुध् (→ युद्ध)
Form(in compound) prātipadika
व्यायामexercise, training
व्यायाम:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यायाम
Form(in compound) prātipadika
निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामम्(the factors of) low ground, terrain, openness, concealment/ambush, digging works, open space, day-and-night (operations), battle, and training
निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनिम्नस्थल + प्रकाश + कूट + खनक + आकाश + दिवा-रात्रि + युद्ध + व्यायाम
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; napuṃsakaliṅga (as a collective list)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; samuccaya
आयोगम्proper employment/fitness (effective arrangement)
आयोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootआयोग
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
अयोगम्improper employment/unfitness
अयोगम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअयोग
Formdvitīyā-vibhakti; ekavacana; puṃliṅga
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; samuccaya
कर्मसुin actions/operations
कर्मसु:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formsaptamī-vibhakti; bahuvacana; napuṃsakaliṅga
Entities Mentioned
S
standing troops (maula)H
hired troops (bhṛta)G
guild contingents (śreṇi)A
allied forces (mitra)E
enemy forces (amitra)F
forest/tribal forces (āṭavī-bala)FAQs
To institutionalize differentiated assessment and tasking: each troop category has varying loyalty, endurance, and suitability, so the state must evaluate and employ them accordingly.
Capability-based deployment: assign missions based on tested strength/weakness and context (terrain, time, method), not on labels or assumptions.