Sutra 10

Devanagari script

विक्को मोढो मक्कणो व्याथितो गर्भिणी धेनुका हस्तिनी चाग्राह्याः ॥ कZ_०२.३१.१० ॥

Transliteration

vikko moḍho makkaṇo vyāthito garbhiṇī dhenukā hastinī cāgrāhyāḥ

Translation

vikka、moḍha、makkaṇa 这几类象，以及受伤/患病的象；并且怀孕、哺乳的母象或母象（cow‑elephant），都不得录用（供国家役使）。

Word by Word

• विक्कः: a defective/abnormal (animal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विक्क
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (विशेषणवत् प्रयोगः)

• मोढः: confused, dull, not in normal condition
• Type: Noun
• Root: मूढ
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (विशेषण)

• मक्कणः: filthy, smeared/unclean (animal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मक्कण
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (विशेषणवत्)

• व्याथितः: afflicted, in pain/sick
• Type: Participle
• Root: व्यथ्
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘व्यथित’ = पीडित/रुग्ण

• गर्भिणी: pregnant (female animal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गर्भिणी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘गर्भिणी’ = गर्भवती

• धेनुका: a milch cow
• Type: Noun
• Root: धेनुका
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘धेनुका’ = दुग्धदा/दुग्धवती गौः

• हस्तिनी: a female elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्तिनी
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; ‘हस्तिनी’ = स्त्री-हस्ति

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक

• अग्राह्याः: are not to be accepted/taken (inadmissible)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ग्रह् (√ग्रह्)
• Form: कृदन्त-योग्य विशेषण; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-बहुवचन; ‘अ-ग्राह्य’ = न ग्राह्य/न स्वीकरणीय

Entities Mentioned

• female elephant (hastinī)
• pregnant elephant
• nursing elephant
• procurement authority

More Details

FAQs

What is the governance intent behind listing ‘not-to-be-accepted’ categories?

To prevent the state from acquiring high-risk or low-readiness assets (unfit temperaments/conditions, injury, pregnancy/lactation) that reduce operational reliability and increase maintenance costs.

Why exclude pregnant or nursing females?

They are medically vulnerable and less deployable; acquisition would impose ethical and logistical burdens while reducing combat/transport readiness.