Sutra 40
Devanagari script
उपनिवेशदिग्विभागो गोप्रचाराद्बलान्वयतो वा गवां रक्षासामर्थ्याच्च ॥ कZ_०२.२९.४० ॥
Transliteration
upaniveśadigvibhāgo gopracārād balānvayato vā gavāṃ rakṣāsāmarthyāc ca
Translation
牛群聚居地（upaniveśa）的方位布局与分区，应依据放牧路线，或依据武力（守卫与人力）的分布/可用性，并且还应依据保护牛群的能力来确定。
Word by Word
उपनिवेश-दिक्-विभागःthe division (demarcation) of directions/quarters for a settlement (colony/village-site)
उपनिवेश-दिक्-विभागः:
TypeNoun
Rootविभज्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; समस्तपद: उपनिवेशस्य दिकां विभागः (उपनिवेश + दिक् + विभाग)
गो-प्रचारात्from (consideration of) the cattle’s grazing range
गो-प्रचारात्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रचर्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-एकवचन; गोप्रचार = गवां प्रचारः (चराई/चरागाह-परिसर)
बल-अन्वयतःor according to the availability/connection of force (security support)
बल-अन्वयतः:
TypeAvyaya
Rootअन्वि/अनु-इ
Formअव्यय; -तः = 'according to/with reference to'; बलान्वय = बलस्य अन्वयः (बल-सम्बन्ध/बल-समर्थन/बल-आधार)
वाor
वा:
TypeParticle
Rootवा
Formअव्यय; विकल्पार्थक
गवाम्of cattle
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (गो), षष्ठी-बहुवचन
रक्षा-सामर्थ्यात्from (consideration of) the capacity to protect (them)
रक्षा-सामर्थ्यात्:
TypeNoun
Rootसमर्थ
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-एकवचन; रक्षासामर्थ्य = रक्षायाः सामर्थ्यम् (रक्षण-क्षमता)
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक
Entities Mentioned
U
upaniveśa (cattle-settlement)G
gopracāra (grazing routes)B
bala (guards/force)G
gāvaḥ (cattle)FAQs
Kauṭilya ties settlement zoning to operational realities: grazing movement, availability of guards/manpower, and the objective capacity to protect herds.
Risk-informed spatial planning: site and route design based on security capacity and resource flows.