Sutra 12

Devanagari script

विपर्यये स्फोटनं च दुष्टम् ॥ कZ_०२.१३.१२ ॥

Transliteration

viparyaye sphoṭanaṃ ca duṣṭam

Translation

反之（若这些性质相反），并且若其起泡/爆裂，则为劣品。

Word by Word

• विपर्यये: in the contrary case; in reversal/contravention
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपर्यय
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी-एकवचन (विपर्यये = विपर्यये/विपर्यये सति)

• स्फोटनम्: beating; striking; corporal punishment
• Type: Noun (action noun)
• Root: स्फोटन
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय

• दुष्टम्: is improper; is wrong; is blameworthy
• Type: Adjective (used predicatively)
• Root: दुष्ट
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा-एकवचन; (स्फोटनम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्/विधेय-विशेषणम्)

Entities Mentioned

• sphoṭana (blistering)

More Details

FAQs

Why explicitly define defect signs like sphoṭana?

To standardize rejection decisions and reduce discretion-based corruption in treasury intake.