Sutra 15
Devanagari script
तच्चतुर्विधं नामाख्यातोपसर्गनिपाताश्चेति ॥ कZ_०२.१०.१५ ॥
Transliteration
tac caturvidhaṃ nāmākhyātopasarganipātāś ceti
Translation
该（词）有四类：名词（nāma）、动词（ākhyāta）、前动词/前缀（upasarga）以及虚词/助词（nipāta）。
Word by Word
तत्that; it (i.e., the subject under discussion)
तत्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formsarvanāma-śabda; napuṃsaka; prathamā ekavacana; deictic/anaphoric (‘that/it’), agreeing with ‘caturvidham’
चतुर्विधम्fourfold; of four kinds
चतुर्विधम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootविधा (√धा)
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā ekavacana; adjective to ‘tat’; from ‘catur’ + ‘vidha’ = ‘fourfold’
नामnoun; name
नाम:
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā ekavacana; ‘a noun/name’ (as a grammatical category)
आख्यातverb; finite verb form
आख्यात:
TypeNoun
Rootआ-√ख्या
Formnapuṃsaka; prathamā ekavacana; ‘ākhyāta’ = ‘verb/finite verb’ (grammatical category)
उपसर्गpreverbs; verbal prefixes
उपसर्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootउपसर्ग
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā bahuvacana (collective sense possible); ‘preverb/prefix’
निपाताःparticles; indeclinables
निपाताः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिपात
Formpuṃliṅga; prathamā bahuvacana; ‘particles/indeclinables’
चand
च:
TypeParticle
Rootच
Formavyaya; coordinating conjunction; here links ‘upasarga’ with ‘nipātāḥ’
इतिthus; ‘namely’ (end of quotation/enumeration)
इति:
TypeParticle
Rootइति
Formavyaya; quotative/closing particle marking end of enumeration/definition
FAQs
It enables systematic training and consistent drafting, reducing interpretive disputes in commands, contracts, and accounts.